1592-23-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Dissolution of soap scum by surfactant part I: Effects of chelant and type of soap scum
Itsadanont, Sawwalak,Scamehorn, John F.,Soontravanich, Sukhwan,Sabatini, David A.,Chavadej, Sumaeth
, p. 849 - 857 (2014)
The equilibrium solubilities of two model soap scums [calcium stearate and magnesium stearate: Ca(C18)2 and Mg(C18) 2] were measured in aqueous solutions containing three different types of surfactants: methyl ester sulfonate (MES) as an anionic; alcohol ethoxylate (EO9) as a nonionic; and dimethyldodecylamine oxide (DDAO) as an amphoteric with and without a chelating agent [disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA)]. The solubility of calcium soap scum was generally higher than that of magnesium soap scum, the exception being some DDAO systems. The use of the DDAO surfactant with the Na 2EDTA chelating agent at high pH gives the highest solubilities of both studied soap scums. The soap scum solubility is on the order of 2,000 times that in water at high pH. The DDAO is the most effective surfactant under all conditions. The MES is more effective than the EO9 at low pH with the opposite trend observed at high pH. The synergism from added chelant is generally greater at higher pH and is greatest for DDAO followed by EO9.
Dissolution study of salt of long chain fatty acids (Soap Scum) in surfactant solutions. Part I: Equilibrium dissolution
Soontravanich, Sukhwan,Lopez, Heyde E.,Scamehorn, John F.,Sabatini, David A.,Scheuing, David R.
, p. 367 - 372 (2010)
Dissolution of calcium salt of a long chain fatty acid or soap scum is a major challenge for hard surface cleaners since soap scum forms when soap is exposed to hard water and has very low water solubility. In this paper, the aqueous equilibrium solubility of calcium octadecanoate (or calcium stearate) was measured as a function of pH as well as chelating agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetate disodium salt) and surfactant concentrations. Anionic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants were studied. The highest soap scum solubility was observed at high pH with an amphoteric surfactant. Under this condition, the chelant effectively binds calcium, and the stearate anion forms mixed micelles well with the amphoteric surfactant, which is in zwitterionic form at high pH. AOCS 2010.
Continuous preparation method of metal fatty acid salt
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Paragraph 0080; 0081; 0082; 0083, (2019/04/04)
The invention relates to a continuous preparation method of metal fatty acid salt. The continuous preparation method of the metal fatty acid salt comprises the step of continuously enabling fatty acidand metal hydroxides to react in a solvent and prepare the metal fatty acid salt in a microchannel reactor or pipeline reactor. The preparation method disclosed by the invention can control the particle diameter of a product material to be within 70nm and 1000nm, and the particle diameter of the product material can be adjusted as needed; the metal fatty acid salt is simple in preparation method,short in technological process, few in three wastes (waste water, waste residues and waste gas), beneficial to environmental protection and suitable for industrial production; the reactor used in theinvention has short reaction time, high safety, high efficiency and large productivity, and can realize continuous production, furthermore, the space utilization rate of workshops is high, and mass production can be realized; by adopting the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the solvent can be recycled to lower the production cost; and the preparation method has high conversion rateof raw materials, stable quality and high purity.
Granular calcium stearate production method and apparatus
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Paragraph 0055-0059, (2017/06/24)
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical industry, and discloses a production method and equipment of granular calcium stearate. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out reaction on stearic acid and calcium hydroxide under a heating condition to prepare calcium stearate; and then pelleting through an improved pelletizer, so as to obtain calcium stearate grains, wherein a feeding hole of the pelletizer is formed in the rear half part of a charging barrel; a one-way air outlet for discharging water vapor is formed in the rear part of the feeding hole; the pelletizer adopts thermal oil to heat and carry out heat preservation; and the flow direction of the thermal oil is consistent with the material pushing direction in the charging barrel. Through the process control, calcium stearate pelleting is achieved, and the granular calcium stearate is low in breakage rate, low in moisture content and high in packing density.
Characterisation of metal carboxylates by Raman and infrared spectroscopy in works of art
Otero, Vanessa,Sanches, Diogo,Montagner, Cristina,Vilarigues, Mrcia,Carlyle, Leslie,Lopes, Joo A.,Melo, Maria J.
, p. 1197 - 1206 (2015/02/19)
This work introduces the complementary use of μ-Raman and μ-Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy for the detection of specific carbon chains and cations for the identification of metal carboxylates within oil paint microsamples. Metal carboxylates (metal soaps) form naturally when free fatty acids react with metal cations and may also be found as additives or degradation products. Twenty-two metal carboxylates were synthesised, and their spectra assembled in a reference database. Metal salts of cations commonly present in oil paintings were used, including lead, zinc, calcium, cadmium, copper and manganese. The fatty acids selected were the saturated acids palmitic (C1 6:0) and stearic (C18:0) and the polyunsaturated oleic acid (C1 8:1). Azelaic acid (C9 diacid), a product resulting from autoxidation of polyunsaturated acids, was also included. Metal carboxylates were characterised by Raman and IR spectroscopy, and their structures were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Raman and IR spectroscopy proved to be complementary techniques for a full identification of the metal carboxylates in complex aged paint. Raman enables the differentiation of the carbon chain length in the C-C stretching region (1120-1040 cm-1), and IR distinguishes the metal cation in the COO- stretching absorption region (1650-1380cm-1). Principal component analysis was applied to the spectra in order to facilitate a fast and accurate method to discriminate between the different metal carboxylates and to aide in their identification. Finally, spectra from case studies were successfully projected in the principal component analysis models built, enabling a higher confidence level for the identification of copper palmitate and copper azelate in two 19th-century Portuguese oil paintings.
A GLYCEROL DERIVED MATERIAL
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Page/Page column 55 - 56, (2010/04/03)
A method of producing a solid glycerol derived material includes the steps of combining glycerol with a metal oxide, the glycerol having a water content of between about 5 and 50%, and the rate of combination of the glycerol and the metal oxide and the amount of the metal oxide being selected so that at least part of the water present in the glycerol reacts with the metal oxide in an exothermic reaction and at least part is driven off by heat produced in the exothermic reaction to produce the solid glycerol derived material.
METHOD FOR INHIBITING PITCH TROUBLES
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, (2008/06/13)
The invention provides a pitch-controlling agent comprising 100 parts by weight of a zinc salt of a higher fatty acid and from 1 to 20 parts by weight of a cationic surfactant. The invention further provides a method for preventing pitch trouble which comprises adding the pitch-controlling agent to pulp slurry.
Manganese-containing antibiotic agents
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, (2008/06/13)
Manganese complexes of various monovalent and divalent polyether antibiotics are provided which act as coccidiostats and growth promoting agents when administered to food-producing animals such as cattle, sheep, swine and poultry. Soluble manganese salt is added to a fermentation beer containing the polyether antibiotics to form an insoluble, recoverable biomass containing the desired manganese antibiotic complex. This biomass, in a dried form, can be given orally to animals such as cattle, sheep, swine and poultry. The subject manganese complexes include: linear monovalent and divalent polyethers (monensin, nigericin, lasalocid, lysocellin, etc.); non-glycolic monovalent monoglycoside polyethers (septamycin, dianemycin, lenoremycin, carriomycin and antibiotic A-204); mononitrogen-containing divalent pyrrole ethers (calcimycin, X-14547, etc.); polynitrogen-containing divalent pyrrole ethers (A-23187, etc.); glycolic monovalent monoglycoside polyethers (etheromycin, etc.); other polyether antibiotics including ionomycin, aabomycin, disnerycin, duamycin, BL-580, K-41, SF-1195, M-4164A, A-32887, 30,504RP, 38,986, 44,161, 47,433, 47,434 and 47,224. The above manganese complexes are also active agents for improving cardiovascular function in animals. Purified manganese-containing antibiotic complexes can be extracted from the biomass using suitable organic solvents, followed by crystallization or precipitation of the purified complexes. The purified products can be administered as boluses, subcutaneous implants, or as injectable preparations.
Lincomycin nucleotides
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, (2008/06/13)
Novel and useful ribonucleotides of analogs of the well known antibiotics lincomycin and clindamycin. These ribonucleotides are unexpectedly highly active against Streptococcus hemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus in vivo.
4-Amino-cyclohexanols, their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use
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, (2008/06/13)
Novel 4-aminocyclohexanols are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for analgetic purposes in mammals in need of said treatment.
