159377-42-1Relevant articles and documents
Phosphine-catalyzed synthesis of 6-substituted 2-pyrones: Manifestation of E/Z-isomerism in the zwitterionic intermediate
Zhu, Xue-Feng,Schaffner, Arnaud-Pierre,Li, Ronald C.,Kwon, Ohyun
, p. 2977 - 2980 (2005)
(Chemical Equation Presented) We report a one-step phosphine-catalyzed annulation between aldehydes and ethyl allenoate to form 6-substituted 2-pyrones. The mechanistic rationale for this reaction requires explicit discussion of the E/Z-isomerism of the zwitterionic intermediate formed by the addition of a phosphine to the allenoate. Sterically demanding trialkylphosphines facilitate the shift of equilibrium toward the E-isomeric zwitterion and lead to the formation of 6-substituted 2-pyrones. Various aromatic as well as aliphatic aldehydes undergo the transformation in moderate to excellent yield.
NHC-Catalyzed Aldol-Like Reactions of Allenoates with Isatins: Regiospecific Syntheses of γ-Functionalized Allenoates
Li, Sha,Tang, Ziwei,Wang, Yang,Wang, Dan,Wang, Zhanlin,Yu, Chenxia,Li, Tuanjie,Wei, Donghui,Yao, Changsheng
supporting information, p. 1306 - 1310 (2019/02/26)
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed γ-specific aldol-like reaction between allenoates and isatins has been achieved under mild conditions, giving trisubstituted allene derivatives bearing isatin moiety in moderate to good yields with high diastereoselectivity and excellent atom efficiency. The DFT computations indicated that the formation of the γ-adduct was more energetically favorable than that of the α-adduct. The result reported herein opens a new route for NHC-promoted allenoate-involved reaction.
Thermal decomposition of triphenylphosphonium alkyl ester salts
Castaneda, Fernando,Aliaga, Christian,Acuna, Cristina,Silva, Paul,Bunton, Clifford A.
experimental part, p. 1188 - 1208 (2009/04/16)
In thermolyses of molten triphenylphosphonium alkyl ester bromides and chlorides, alkyl = methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, at 130 and 225°C, initial attack of the halide ion on the methyl group gives the methyl halide and ylid 1, Ph3P = CH2, which can be methylated, or is protonated by the phosphonium salt with transylidation giving Ph3P+-CH3X-, X = Br, Cl. The initial reactions of the ethyl or isopropyl esters are with the halide ion, X-, as a base giving ylid, 1, which can be protonated by HX or by transylidation. The t-butyl ester generates Ph3P+-CH3X-but no products of transylidation. The first-formed ylid1, can be trapped by reactive alkyl and acyl halides, and the transient ylidic esters decompose thermally to triphenyl phosphine oxide, Ph3P = O, react further with unreacted phosphonium ester, or are trapped by added aldehyde in a Wittig reaction. The final product compositions are affected by a decrease in pressure, due to escape of volatile intermediates, and by replacement of the X- halide ion by the less nucleophilic and basic tosylate ion. Reactions under reflux, in solution in chloroform, or in suspension in benzene, are similar to those of the molten salts, but yields are generally lower at the lower temperatures. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.