1596-09-4Relevant articles and documents
Highly active and selective C-alkylation of p-cresol with cyclohexanol using p-TSA treated clays under solvent free microwave irradiation
Ramesh,Jai Prakash,Bhat
, p. 157 - 162 (2012)
The efficiency of p-TSA treated clays was probed in the alkylation of p-cresol under solvent free microwave irradiation. The different aspects of the reaction studies include variation of temperature, duration of contact between the reactants, mole ratio of cresol to cyclohexanol and the clay treated with p-TSA to different extent. The acid strength as well as reaction parameters such as temperature and time were found to be the main factors controlling the reactivity and selectivity. The reaction was carried out in the temperature range 413-443 K. Lower temperature range favoured O-alkylation and higher temperatures yielded C-alkylated p-cresol. The catalyst retained its catalytic activity even after three consecutive runs. The results obtained with clays were compared with other solid acid catalysts such as aluminium exchanged clay, hydrochloric acid treated clay and K-10.
Re-usability of zeolites and modified clays for alkylation of cyclohexanol a contrast study
Venkatesha,Bhat,Jai Prakash
, p. 69348 - 69355 (2015/09/01)
Organic sulfonic acid treatment of montmorillonite results in micro-pores on the surface of modified clays providing access to acid sites in the interlayer. Performance of modified clay catalysts for alkylation of para-cresol with cyclohexanol were compared with microporous zeolites. Phenoldisulfonic acid treated clay catalyst showed maximum activity comparable with that of beta-zeolite. Modified clay- and zeolite-catalysts on reuse for the alkylation exhibited different behaviour. Modified clays showed same activity as in the first cycle while zeolites showed significantly reduced catalytic activities on reuse. Differences in behaviour were further investigated by characterizing the reused samples with TGA, acidity and surface measurements. Used zeolite samples showed considerable variations in acidity, surface characteristics and TGA pattern, which was attributed to the formation of coke. Absence of coke in clays and deposition of coke in zeolites is attributed to difference in their pore architecture.
Platinum and ruthenium chloride-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1-alkyl-2-ethynylbenzenes: Interception of π-activated alkynes with a benzylic C-H bond
Tobisu, Mamoru,Nakai, Hiromi,Chatani, Naoto
supporting information; experimental part, p. 5471 - 5475 (2009/12/06)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Air-stable and commercially available alkynophilicmetal salts, such as PtCl2, PtCl4, and [RuCl2(CO)3]2, catalyze the cycloisomerization of 1-alkyl-2-ethynylbenzenes to produce substituted indenes even at an ambient temperature. Electrophilically activated alkynes can be intercepted by simple benzylic C-Hbonds at primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon centers. Mechanistic studies, such as labeling studies and kinetic isotope and substituent effects, indicate that the cycloisomerization proceeds through the formation of a vinylidene intermediate and turnover-limiting 1,5-shift of benzylic hydrogen.