164936-35-0

Upstream product

• 15054-86-1 ethylene glycol-d₆ 
• 98-59-9 p-toluenesulfonyl chloride 
• 2219-51-4 [1,1,2,2-⁽²⁾H₄]ethane-1,2-diol 

Downstream Products

• 164936-36-1 1,2-diphenoxy-d4-ethane 
• 1425937-25-2 2-fluoroethyl-1,1,2,2-d₄ 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of [18F]FECNT-d 4 as a Novel PET Agent for Dopamine Transporter Imaging

Purpose: The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a marker of the occurrence and development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other diseases with nigrostriatal degeneration. 2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)nortropane ([18F]FECNT), an 18F-labelled tropane derivative, was reported to be a useful positron-emitting probe for DAT. However, the rapid formation of brain-penetrating radioactive metabolites is an impediment to the proper quantitation of DAT in PET studies with [18F]FECNT. Deuterium-substituted analogues have presented better in vivo stability to reduce metabolites. This study aimed to synthesize a deuterium-substituted DAT radiotracer, [18F]FECNT-d4, and to make a preliminary investigation of its properties as a DAT tracer in vivo. Procedures: The ligand [18F]FECNT-d4 was obtained by one-step radiolabelling reaction. The lipophilicity was measured by the shake-flask method. Binding properties of [18F]FECNT-d4 were estimated by in vitro binding assay, biodistribution, and microPET imaging in rats. In vivo stability of [18F]FECNT-d4 was estimated by radio-HPLC. Results: [18F]FECNT-d4 was synthesized at an average activity yield of 46 ± 17 % (n = 15) and the molar activity was 67 ± 12 GBq/μmol. The deuterated tracer showed suitable lipophilicity and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (brain uptake of 1.72 % ID at 5 min). [18F]FECNT-d4 displayed a high binding affinity for DAT comparable to that of [18F]FECNT in rat striatum homogenates. Biodistribution results in normal rats showed that [18F]FECNT-d4 exhibited a higher ratio of the target to non-target (striatum/cerebellum) at 15 min post administration (5.00 ± 0.44 vs 3.84 ± 0.24 for [18F]FECNT-d4 vs [18F]FECNT). MicroPET imaging studies of [18F]FECNT-d4 in normal rats showed that the ligand selectively localized to DAT-rich striatal regions and the accumulation could be blocked with DAT inhibitor. Furthermore, in the unilateral PD model rat, a significant reduction of the signal was found in the lesioned side relative to the unlesioned side. Striatal standardized uptake value of [18F]FECNT-d4 remained ~4.02 in the striatum between 5 and 20 min, whereas that of [18F]FECNT fell rapidly from 4.11 to 2.95. Radio-HPLC analysis of the plasma demonstrated better in vivo stability of [18F]FECNT-d4 than [18F]FECNT. Conclusion: The deuterated compound [18F]FECNT-d4 may serve as a promising PET imaging agent to assess DAT-related disorders.

Synthesis of 3H, 2H4, and 14C-MK 3814 (preladenant)

MK 3814 is a potent and selective antagonist of the A2a receptor. A2a receptor antagonists have the potential for the treatment of Parkinson disease. Three distinct isotopically labelled forms of MK 3814 were synthesized. [3/su

Improved in vivo PET imaging of the adenosine A2A receptor in the brain using [18F]FLUDA, a deuterated radiotracer with high metabolic stability

Purpose: The adenosine A2A receptor has emerged as a therapeutic target for multiple diseases, and thus the non-invasive imaging of the expression or occupancy of the A2A receptor has potential to contribute to diagnosis and drug development. We aimed at the development of a metabolically stable A2A receptor radiotracer and report herein the preclinical evaluation of [18F]FLUDA, a deuterated isotopologue of [18F]FESCH. Methods: [18F]FLUDA was synthesized by a two-step one-pot approach and evaluated in vitro by autoradiographic studies as well as in vivo by metabolism and dynamic PET/MRI studies in mice and piglets under baseline and blocking conditions. A single-dose toxicity study was performed in rats. Results: [18F]FLUDA was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 19% and molar activities of 72–180 GBq/μmol. Autoradiography proved A2A receptor–specific accumulation of [18F]FLUDA in the striatum of a mouse and pig brain. In vivo evaluation in mice revealed improved stability of [18F]FLUDA compared to that of [18F]FESCH, resulting in the absence of brain-penetrant radiometabolites. Furthermore, the radiometabolites detected in piglets are expected to have a low tendency for brain penetration. PET/MRI studies confirmed high specific binding of [18F]FLUDA towards striatal A2A receptor with a maximum specific-to-non-specific binding ratio in mice of 8.3. The toxicity study revealed no adverse effects of FLUDA up to 30 μg/kg, ~ 4000-fold the dose applied in human PET studies using [18F]FLUDA. Conclusions: The new radiotracer [18F]FLUDA is suitable to detect the availability of the A2A receptor in the brain with high target specificity. It is regarded ready for human application.

RADIOLABELED COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS RADIOTRACERS FOR QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE (PDE10A) IN MAMMALS

The present invention provides radiolabeled compounds useful as radiotracers for quantitative imaging of PDE10A in mammals. The compound of the present invention is represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbols are as defined in the specification.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Two 18F-Labeled 6-Iodo-2-(4′ -N,N-dimethylamino)phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Derivatives as Prospective Radioligands for β-Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease

This study evaluated 18F-labeled IMPY [6-iodo-2-(4′ -N,N-dimethylamino)phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine] derivatives as agents for imaging β-amyloid plaque with positron emission tomography (PET). The precursor for radiolabeling and reference compounds was synthesized in up to five steps from commercially accessible starting materials. One of the two N-methyl groups of IMPY was substituted with either a 3-fluoropropyl (FPM-IMPY) or a 2-fluoroethyl (FEM-IMPY) group. FPM-IMPY and FEM-IMPY were found to have moderate affinity for Aβ-aggregates with Ki = 27 ± 8 and 40 ± 5 nM, respectively. A "one-pot" method for 18F-2-fluoroethylation and 18F-3-fluoropropylation of the precursor was developed. The overall decay-corrected radiochemical yields were 26-51%. In PET experiments with normal mouse, high uptake of activity was obtained in the brain after iv injection of each probe: 6.4% ID/g for [ 18F]FEM-IMPY at 1.2 min, and 5.7% ID/g for [18F]FPM-IMPY at 0.8 min. These values were similar to those of [123I/ 125I]IMPY (7.2% ID/g at 2 min). Polar and nonpolar radioactive metabolites were observed in both plasma and brain homogenates after injection of [18F]FEM or [18F]FPM-IMPY. In contrast to the single-exponential washout of [123I/125I]IMPY, the washouts of brain activity for the two fluorinated analogues were biphasic, with an initial rapid phase over 20 min and a subsequent much slower phase. Residual brain activity at 2 h, which may represent polar metabolites trapped in the brain, was 4.5% ID/g for [18F]FEM-IMPY and 2.1% ID/g for [18F]FPM-IMPY. Substantial skull uptake of [18F]fluoride was also clearly observed. With a view to slow the metabolism of [ 18F]FEM-IMPY, an analogue was prepared with deuteriums substituted for the four ethyl hydrogens. However, D4-[18F]FEM-IMPY showed the same brain uptake and clearance as the protio analogue. Metabolism of the [18F]FEM-IMPY was appreciably slower in rhesus monkey than in mouse. Autoradiography of postmortem brain sections of human Alzheimer's disease patients with [18F]FEM-IMPY showed high displaceable uptake in gray matter and low nonspecific binding in the white matter. This study demonstrates that the IMPY derivatives have favorable in vivo brain pharmacokinetics and a moderate affinity for imaging β-amyloid plaques; however, further improvements are needed to reduce radioactive metabolites, increase binding affinity, and reduce lipophilicity.

Dicyclohexylethyleneglycol,-diethyleneglycol,-triethyleneglycol, and related monosubstituted cyclohexanes. Conformational analysis using low-temperature 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy

Two conformations of each of the title molecules have been detected by 100 MHz 13C NMR at 210 K.For the dicyclohexyl systems, the conformations are related via a single ring inversion.In each case the equatorial-axial conformer is 4,7+/-0.4 kJ/mol less stable than the diequatorially substituted form in CD2Cl2 solution.For monosubstituted models, the conformational free energy (-ΔG deg) values of the -O-CH2-CH2-OCH3, -OCH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH3, and -O-CH2-CH2-O-CH-(CH3)2 groups have been determined to be 5.4, 6.1, and 6.1+/-0.2 kJ/mol, respectively.In methanol, the latter equilibria are slightly more biased towards the axially substituted conformers. Key words: substituted ethylene glycols, conformational equilibria.