166597-75-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Discovery, characterization and engineering of ligases for amide synthesis
Winn, Michael,Rowlinson, Michael,Wang, Fanghua,Bering, Luis,Francis, Daniel,Levy, Colin,Micklefield, Jason
, p. 391 - 398 (2021)
Coronatine and related bacterial phytotoxins are mimics of the hormone jasmonyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), which mediates physiologically important plant signalling pathways1–4. Coronatine-like phytotoxins disrupt these essential pathways and have potential in the development of safer, more selective herbicides. Although the biosynthesis of coronatine has been investigated previously, the nature of the enzyme that catalyses the crucial coupling of coronafacic acid to amino acids remains unknown1,2. Here we characterize a family of enzymes, coronafacic acid ligases (CfaLs), and resolve their structures. We found that CfaL can also produce JA-Ile, despite low similarity with the Jar1 enzyme that is responsible for ligation of JA and l-Ile in plants5. This suggests that Jar1 and CfaL evolved independently to catalyse similar reactions—Jar1 producing a compound essential for plant development4,5, and the bacterial ligases producing analogues toxic to plants. We further demonstrate how CfaL enzymes can be used to synthesize a diverse array of amides, obviating the need for protecting groups. Highly selective kinetic resolutions of racemic donor or acceptor substrates were achieved, affording homochiral products. We also used structure-guided mutagenesis to engineer improved CfaL variants. Together, these results show that CfaLs can deliver a wide range of amides for agrochemical, pharmaceutical and other applications.
Arylaminoethyl amides as noncovalent inhibitors of cathepsin S. Part 2: Optimization of P1 and N-aryl
Alper, Phillip B.,Liu, Hong,Chatterjee, Arnab K.,Nguyen, Khanhlinh T.,Tully, David C.,Tumanut, Christine,Li, Jun,Harris, Jennifer L.,Tuntland, Tove,Chang, Jonathan,Gordon, Perry,Hollenbeck, Thomas,Karanewsky, Donald S.
, p. 1486 - 1490 (2007/10/03)
A systematic study of anilines led to the discovery of a metabolically robust fluoroindoline replacement for the alkoxy aniline toxicophore in 1. Investigations of the P1 pocket resulted in the discovery of a wide tolerance of functionality leading to the discovery of 11 as a potent and selective inhibitor of cathepsin S.
