17474-05-4

Usage

Use

Synthetic intermediate in pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and dyes production

Physical Characteristics

Pale yellow solid

Thermal Stability

High

Solubility in Water

Low

Chemical Nature

Nitroaromatic compound

Hazards

Considered hazardous to human health and the environment

Handling and Disposal

Requires careful handling and disposal

Upstream product

• 393-75-9 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride 
• 62-53-3 aniline 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Solvent and substituent effects on the reaction of 2- and 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluorides with substituted anilines

The solvent effect on a nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2- and 4-chloro-3,5- dinitrobenzotrifluoride with substituted anilines was studied in methanol, acetonitrile, and toluene at 25°C. This reaction is of second order, except 2-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride in toluene shows third order. The kA values are found to be dependent on the substituent in aniline and give good Hammett correlations. The obtained ρ values are -4.07 and -4.62, for the reaction of anilines with 2-chloro-3,5- dinitrobenzotrifluoride in methanol and acetonitrile, respectively. The ρ values for the reaction of the anilines with 4-chloro-3,5- dinitrobenzotrifluoride are-3.38,-4.11, and-4.34 in methanol, acetonitrile, and toluene, respectively. The reaction of the former compound with anilines in toluene shows a second order in aniline. The dependence of the reaction on the external base such as DABCO suggests a proton transfer controlling step.

Reaction of 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride with aniline derivatives. Substituent effects

N-(2,6-Dinitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)aniline derivatives were prepared by anilino-dechlorination of 4-chloro-3, 5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride. IR, UV and 1H NMR studies suggested an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the amino hydrogen and one o-nitro group. An addition-elimination mechanism was suggested based on the second-order kinetics and the dependence of rates on the nature and the position of the substituent in the aniline ring, as well as the high negative values of p (-3.14, -3.16, -3.01). Such values indicate a positive charge on the aniline nitrogen in the transition state and that the rate is affected by the polar effect of the substituent. The β value (0.85 at 30°C) indicates an appreciable degree of bond formation in the transition state.

Synthesis and evaluation of dinitroanilines for treatment of cryptosporidiosis

The efficacy of a series of dinitroaniline herbicide derivatives for the treatment of Cryptosporidium parvum infections has been studied. The lead compounds oryzalin (compound 1) and trifluralin (compound 2) have low water solubility (3 ppm) which was alleged to be a major contributor to their poor pharmacokinetic availability. Derivatives of compounds 1 and 2 were synthesized. In these derivatives the functionality at the C-1 amine position or the C-4 position was substituted with groups with various hydrophilicities to determine if a direct relation existed between water solubility and overall activity. The chlorinated precursors of these derivatives were also examined and were found to be less active in the C. parvum assays, a result in direct contrast to earlier work with Leishmania. Enhanced water solubility alone did not overcome the drug availability problem; however, several candidates with similar activities but with toxicities lower than those of the lead compounds were produced.

Regioselectivity and stereoelectronic effects in the reactions of the dinitroaniline herbicides trifluralin and benefin with nucleophiles

The reactions of two members of the dinitroaniline class of herbicides, N,N-di-n-propyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (trifluralin; 1) and N-ethyl-N-n-butyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (benefin; 2), along with their analogue, N-phenyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (3), with the nucleophiles, OD- and SO32-, have been investigated using 400 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reactions of both 1 and 2 with OD- result in formation of Meisenheimer anionic σ-complexes according to a K3T1 (kinetic preference for formation of the C-3 adduct with thermodynamic preference for formation of the C-1 adduct) reaction sequence while the reaction of 3 with OD- and that of 1 with SO32- follow a K3T3 (kinetic and thermodynamic preference for formation of the C-3 adduct) sequence. There was no observation of the C-1 adducts of 1 and 2 with OD-, but the products of S(N)Ar displacement at C-1 were observed as the final thermodynamic products. Geometry optimization calculations support our hypothesis of n → σ* stabilization of the C-1 adduct leading to S(N)Ar displacement. In the reaction of 3 with OD-, initial N-deprotonation to form the anion, 3a, is followed by σ-complex formation. The final thermodynamic product observed in this system is 3,5-dinitro-4-(N-phenylamino)benzoic acid formed through hydrolysis of the trifluoromethyl group on the anion, 3a. Aryl H-D exchange has been found for the systems of 1 and 2 with OD-, but not for the SO32- system and neither for the reaction of 3 with OD-. Since dimethylpicramide showed significantly slower H-D exchange under identical conditions, it is argued that this discrepancy has as origin the ability of the amino N lone electron pair to interact with the π-system of the ring. With both 1 and 2 the larger size of the amino alkyl chains prevent the amino N lone pair from aligning with the π-system of the ring, thus hindering electron density donation to the electron-deficient ring carbons.

Benzimidazole compounds

The present patent application discloses compounds having the formula STR1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R 3, R 4, R 6 and R 7 each have the meanings set forth in the specification.The compounds are useful for the treatment of various central nervous system disorders such as epilepsy and other convulsive disorders, anxiety, sleep disorders and memory disorders.