176106-81-3Relevant articles and documents
Application and limitations of the methyl imidate protection strategy of N-acetylglucosamine for glycosylations at O-4: synthesis of Lewis A and Lewis X trisaccharide analogues
Hendel, Jenifer L.,Cheng, Anderson,Auzanneau, France-Isabelle
experimental part, p. 2914 - 2923 (2009/04/06)
We describe here the synthesis of the allyl Lea trisaccharide antigen as well as that of an analogue of the Lex trisaccharide antigen, in which the galactose residue has been replaced by a glucose unit. Although successful fucosylations at O-4 of N-acetylglucosamine acceptors have been reported using perbenzylated thioethyl fucosyl donors under MeOTf activation, such conditions led in our case to the conversion of our acceptor to the corresponding alkyl imidates. Indeed, in this synthesis of the Lea analogue, we demonstrate that the temporary protection of the N-acetyl group as a methyl imidate is advantageous to fucosylate at O-4. In contrast, we report here that glucosylation at O-4 of an N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharide acceptor using the α-trichloroacetimidate of peracetylated glucopyranose as a donor proceeded in better yields under activation with excess BF3·OEt2 than that of the corresponding methyl imidate. Therefore, we conclude that activation of thioglycoside donors by MeOTf to glycosylate at O-4 of a glucosamine acceptor is best accomplished following the temporary protection of the N-acetyl group as a methyl imidate, especially when the donors are highly reactive and prone to degradation. In contrast, if donor and acceptor can withstand multiple equivalents of BF3·OEt2, glycosylations at O-4 of a glucosamine acceptor with a trichloroacetimidate donor does not benefit from the temporary protection of the N-acetyl group as a methyl imidate.
Carbohydrate-carbohydrate recognition between Lewis X blood group antigens, mediated by calcium ions
Gege, Christian,Geyer, Armin,Schmidt, Richard R.
, p. 2475 - 2485 (2007/10/03)
Bivalent Lewis X (LeX) oligosaccharides were synthesised in order to study the conformational details of carbohydrate clusters by NMR spectroscopy. To this end, two Lex trisaccharide moieties (1) were covalently linked through the 6-hydroxy group or through the anomeric oxygen of GlcNAc to yield dimers 2 and 3, respectively. The two Lex halves of the model saccharide 2 exhibited cooperativity in calcium binding. Three different lactosides served as control compounds for NMR titration with calcium chloride. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002.
Generalizing glycosylation: Synthesis of the blood group antigens Lea, Leb, and Le(x) using a standard set of reaction conditions
Yan, Lin,Kahne, Daniel
, p. 9239 - 9248 (2007/10/03)
Because there are no general reaction conditions for any glycosylation method, biologically interesting oligosaccharides can only be made in a small number of laboratories in the world. To make carbohydrate synthesis accessible to nonspecialists, it is critical to have glycosylation methods that will work in a wide range of cases under a single set of conditions. The Lewis blood group antigens have attracted the attention of numerous synthetic carbohydrate groups because of their structural complexity. Although they have been synthesized many times, they have never been made using a single glycosylation method under one set of reaction conditions. In this paper, we show that the sulfoxide glycosylation method can be used to form all of the glycosidic linkages in the Lewis blood group antigens Lea (1), Leb (2), and Le(x) (3) stereoselectively under a uniform set of reaction conditions. This work highlights the flexibility of the sulfoxide method and demonstrates its utility for constructing families of related oligosaccharides.