176375-41-0

Upstream product

• 4897-84-1 Methyl 4-bromobutyrate 
• 121-33-5 vanillin 
• 3153-37-5 methyl 4-chlorobutyrate 

Downstream Products

• 176375-42-1 4-(4-formyl-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)butanoic acid methyl ester 
• 176375-43-2 methyl 4-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)butanoate 
• 176375-53-4 4-[4-(4-Hydroxy-butylcarbamoyloxymethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenoxy]-butyric acid methyl ester 
• 176375-54-5 4-[4-(5-Hydroxy-pentylcarbamoyloxymethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenoxy]-butyric acid methyl ester 
• 176375-55-6 4-[4-(6-Hydroxy-hexylcarbamoyloxymethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenoxy]-butyric acid methyl ester 
• 176375-50-1 4-(4-{4-[Bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxy]-butylcarbamoyloxymethyl}-2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenoxy)-butyric acid 
• 176375-51-2 4-(4-{5-[Bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxy]-pentylcarbamoyloxymethyl}-2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenoxy)-butyric acid 
• 176375-44-3 4-(4-{4-[Bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxy]-butylcarbamoyloxymethyl}-2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenoxy)-butyric acid methyl ester 
• 176375-52-3 4-(4-{6-[Bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxy]-hexylcarbamoyloxymethyl}-2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenoxy)-butyric acid 
• 176375-45-4 4-(4-{5-[Bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxy]-pentylcarbamoyloxymethyl}-2-methoxy-5-nitro-phenoxy)-butyric acid methyl ester 
• 1428305-84-3 (S)-methyl 4-(4-(4-((7-methoxy-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1Hpyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-8-yl)oxy)butanamido)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate 
• 1428305-85-4 (S)-methyl 4-(4-(4-(4-(4-((7-methoxy-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-8-yl)oxy)butanamido)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate 
• 1428305-86-5 (S)-methyl 4-(4-(4-(4-((7-methoxy-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-8-yl)oxy)butanamido)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate 
• 1383714-45-1 (S)-methyl 4-(4-(4-(4-(4-((7-methoxy-5-oxo-2,3,5,11a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-8-yl)oxy)butanamido)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Facile synthesis of a o-nitrobenzyl photolabile linker for combinatorial chemistry

Two facile syntheses are described of the o-nitrobenzyl alcohol photolabile linker (5). This compound is a valuable intermediate in the preparation of combinatorial libraries, where it allows release from the solid support to give libraries of acids.

New Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Containing a Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Ring with Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

It is urgent to find new antibiotic classes with activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens as the pipeline of antibiotics is essentially empty. Modified pyrrolobenzodiazepines with a C8-linked aliphatic heterocycle provide a new class of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with activity against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, including WHO priority pathogens. The structure-activity relationship established that the third ring was particularly important for Gram-negative activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for the lead compounds ranged from 0.125 to 2 mg/L for MDR Gram-negative, excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and between 0.03 and 1 mg/L for MDR Gram-positive species. The lead compounds were rapidly bactericidal with >5 log reduction in viable count within 4 h for Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The lead compound inhibited DNA gyrase in gel-based assays, with an IC50 of 3.16 ± 1.36 mg/L. This study provides a new chemical scaffold for developing novel broad-spectrum antibiotics which can help replenish the pipeline of antibiotics.

POLYCYCLIC AMIDES AS CYTOTOXIC AGENTS

The invention relates to a compound of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, tautomers, stereoisomers or mixtures thereof; wherein the fused ring moiety is a non-alkylating moiety; and wherein the compounds are useful as medicaments, in particular for use as a drug in an antibody-drug conjugate and in the treatment of a proliferative disease, a bacterial infection, a malarial infection and inflammation.

PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF NF-KAPPA B FOR THE TREATMENT OF PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES

The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) or salts, solvates, stereoisomers, tautomers or combinations thereof, wherein the dotted lines indicate the optional presence of a double bond between C1 and C2 or C2 and

In water alkylation of amines with alcohols through a borrowing hydrogen process catalysed by ruthenium nanoparticles

A simple and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of secondary amines in water has been developed. Combining Ru3(CO)12, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and a small quantity of TGPS-750-M surfactant, primary and secondary alcohols were alkylated at N employing equimolar amounts of aromatic amines in water. The reaction occurs under microwave (MW) dielectric heating with high conversion and high yield. When required, the use of biomass-derived 2-MeTHF or GVL as a co-solvent is possible. Under the influence of MWs, a Ru nanoparticle-nanomicelle combination was formed acting as an effective and recyclable catalyst. This protocol was also employed for "in water" cyclisation to synthesise biologically relevant pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs).

Effects of Systematic Shortening of Noncovalent C8 Side Chain on the Cytotoxicity and NF-κB Inhibitory Capacity of Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs)

The systematic shortening of the noncovalent element of a C8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) conjugate (13) led to the synthesis of a 19-member library of C8-PBD monomers. The critical elements of 13, which were required to render the molecule cytotoxic, were elucidated by an annexin V assay. The effects of shortening the noncovalent element of the molecule on transcription factor inhibitory capacity were also explored through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based measurement of nuclear NF-κB upon exposure of JJN-3 cells to the synthesized molecules. Although shortening the noncovalent interactive element of 13 had a less than expected effect upon compound cytotoxicity due to reduced DNA interaction, the transcription factor inhibitory capacity of the molecule was notably altered. This study suggests that a relatively short noncovalent side chain at the C8 position of PBD is sufficient to confer cytotoxicity. The shortened PBD monomers provide a new ADC payload scaffold because of their potent cytotoxicity and drug-like properties.

C8-Linked Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Monomers with Inverted Building Blocks Show Selective Activity against Multidrug Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major global concern. Development of novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens is an urgent priority. Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are a promising class of antibacterial agents initially discovered and isolated from natural sources. Recently, C8-linked PBD biaryl conjugates have been shown to be active against some MDR Gram-positive strains. To explore the role of building block orientations on antibacterial activity and obtain structure activity relationship (SAR) information, four novel structures were synthesized in which the building blocks of previously reported compounds were inverted, and their antibacterial activity was studied. The compounds showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 0.125-32 μg/mL against MDR Gram-positive strains with a bactericidal mode of action. The results showed that a single inversion of amide bonds reduces the activity while the double inversion restores the activity against MDR pathogens. All inverted compounds did not stabilize DNA and lacked eukaryotic toxicity. The compounds inhibit DNA gyrase in vitro, and the most potent compound was equally active against both wild-Type and mutant DNA gyrase in a biochemical assay. The observed activity of the compounds against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains with equivalent gyrase mutations is consistent with gyrase inhibition being the mechanism of action in vivo, although this has not been definitively confirmed in whole cells. This conclusion is supported by a molecular modeling study showing interaction of the compounds with wild-Type and mutant gyrases. This study provides important SAR information about this new class of antibacterial agents.

PBD ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS

The invention relates to pyrrolobenzodiazepines compounds (PBDs) and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful as medicaments, in particular, to treat bacterial infections. The PBDs are compounds of formula (I): and salts and solvates thereof; wherein: dotted lines indicates the optional presence of a double bond; X, X1, X2, X3 and X4 are connecting functional groups; L is C1-12 alkylene; R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from phenylene, cyclopentanylene, cyclohexanylene, 5 - to 9 -membered heteroarylene and 5 - to 6-membered hetereocyclylene groups, and these groups are optionally substituted with up to three optional substituent groups; R7 is selected from N(C1-6 alkyl)(C1-6alkyl), 5 - to 6-membered nitrogen-containing hetereocyclyl groups, a monosaccharide moiety and an amino monosaccharide moiety wherein these groups are optionally substituted; and R8 and R9 either together form a double bond, or are selected from H and OR14, or R8 is a prodrug moiety and R9 is OR14; m is 0 or 1; with the proviso that when X4 is C(O)NH then the up to three optional substituents of R7 are not selected from (CH2)k -CO2R12; with the proviso that when X4 is (CH2)tO then R4 is not phenylene, m is 1 and R6 is not a 5 - to 9 -membered heteroarylene; and with the proviso that when X4 is C(O)NH or NHC(O) that R4 and/or R6 is not 5 - to 9 -membered heteroarylene.

PIPERIDINOBENZODIAZEPINE COMPOUNDS WITH ANTI PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY

The invention relates to pyrridinobenzodiazepines (PDDs) comprising three fused 6-7-6-membered rings linked to aromatic groups, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful as medicaments, such as anti-proliferative agents. PDDs may be represented by formula (I): and salts and solvates thereof, wherein the dotted lines indicates the optional presence of a double bond between one or more of Ci and C2, C2and C3, and C3and C4; R1 and R2 are substituent groups; R3 is selected from H, C1-12 alkyl and CH2Ph; R4is selected from phenyl and C5-9heteroaryl groups optionally substituted, with the proviso that the optionally substituted C5-9heteroaryl is not indolyl; R19is selected from H and (CH2)t-NR20R21; Yiis N or CH; Y2 is N or CH; and wherein at least one of Y1and Y2 is CH; p is o or1; X1 is a connecting group; L is a linker group; X2 is a connecting group or is absent; q is selected from o,1, 2, 3,4,5and 6; A is selected from: for each Ai group one of Y3and Y4is selected from N-R17,S and O; and the other of Y3and Y4is CH; and Y5is selected from CH, N, S and COH; for each A2group one of Y6and Y7is independently selected from N and CH; and the other of Y6and Y7is CH; R13, R14, R17, R2oand R2iare independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl; and either: (i) R5and R6together form a double bond; (ii) R5is H and R6is OH; or (iii) R5is H and R6is OC1-6alkyl; with the proviso that when p is o and A is Ai, then: (a) for at least one Ai group one of Y3and Y4is selected from S and O; or (b) for at least one Ai group Y5is S; or (c) R4is not pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, optionally substituted pyrrolyl or optionally substituted imidazolyl.

ASYMMETRIC CONJUGATE COMPOUNDS

The invention relates to compound of formula (I): A-X1-L-X2-B and salts, solvates and tautomers thereof, which are useful as medicaments, in particular as anti-proliferative agents and for use as a drug in an antibody-drug conjugate;