18303-41-8Relevant articles and documents
Organocatalytic epoxidation and allylic oxidation of alkenes by molecular oxygen
Orfanidou, Maria,Petsi, Marina,Zografos, Alexandros L.
supporting information, p. 9172 - 9178 (2021/11/30)
Pyrrole-proline diketopiperazine (DKP) acts as an efficient mediator for the reduction of dioxygen by Hantzsch ester under mild conditions to allow the aerobic metal-free epoxidation of electron-rich alkenes. Mechanistic crossovers are underlined, explaining the dual role of Hantzsch ester as a reductant/promoter of the DKP catalyst and a simultaneous competitor for the epoxidation of alkenes when HFIP is used as a solvent. Expansion of this protocol to the synthesis of allylic alcohols was achieved by adding a catalytic amount of selenium dioxide as an additive, revealing a superior method to the classical application of t-BuOOH as a selenium dioxide oxidant.
Regio- and stereoselectivity of diethylaluminum azide opening of trisubstituted epoxides and conversion of the 3° azidohydrin adducts to isoprenoid aziridines
Davis, Chad E.,Bailey, Jessica L.,Lockner, Jonathan W.,Coates, Robert M.
, p. 75 - 82 (2007/10/03)
The regioisomer ratios (3°,2°/2°,3°), and in some cases the stereochemistry, of vicinal azidohydrins formed in reactions of 11 trisubstituted terpene epoxides with Et2AlN3 in toluene are reported. The more highly substituted azide usually predominated (3°,2°/2°,3° ratios ≥ 40:1 to 2.5-1) in accord with a Markovnikov orientation and an SN1-like transition state. Reversed regioisomer ratios were observed with 6,7-epoxygeranyl acetate (1:2.5) and cis-1,2-epoxylimonene (1:3.3 to 1:10). The tertiary azido diols from 2,3-epoxygeraniol, 2,3-epoxyfarnesol, and 2,3-epoxynerol were formed as single isomers with inversion of configuration at C3 (≥ 35-40:1 for the C10 azido diols). The regioselectivity was affected by the presence and proximity of oxy functional groups on the epoxide substrate (OH, OAc, and OSi-tBuMe2), the equivalents of Et2AlN3, and additives (EtOAc or EtOH). The results and trends are rationalized by consideration of the structural and stereoelectronic characteristics of proposed diethylaluminum epoxonium ion intermediates and transition states, together with the nucleophilicity of the azide donor. Six of the 3°,2° azidohydrins were converted to the corresponding aziridines by primary-selective silylations of four azido diols, mesylations, and reductive cyclizations with LiAlH4.
