184840-89-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Hydrindanes via Sequential Organocatalytic Michael/Mukaiyama Aldol Addition and Telescoped Hydrozirconation/Cross-Coupling as Key Steps: En Route to the AB System of Clifednamides
Sinast, Moritz,Claasen, Birgit,St?ckl, Yannick,Greulich, Andreas,Zens, Anna,Baro, Angelika,Laschat, Sabine
, p. 7537 - 7551 (2021)
The AB ring systems of the clifednamide family, polycyclic tetramate macrolactames (PoTeMs), were prepared by a new, convergent approach employing an intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction. Key steps comprise an organocatalytic Michael addition (>90% enantiomeric excess (ee)), a Mukaiyama aldol reaction for the convergent installation of a diene moiety, and a telescoped hydrozirconation/cross-coupling grafting an enone. The following IMDA furnished a highly functionalized hydrindane (diastereomeric ratio (dr) = 91:1) with the same configuration as the clifednamide scaffold. Advantages of this route are only one required protecting group, 13% overall yield over 9 steps (reduced from previously 17 steps/1.3% overall), and the potential access to the key intermediates in the clifednamide biosynthesis.
Palladium-Catalyzed Long-Range Deconjugative Isomerization of Highly Substituted α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Lin, Luqing,Romano, Ciro,Mazet, Clément
supporting information, p. 10344 - 10350 (2016/08/31)
The long-range deconjugative isomerization of a broad range of α,β-unsaturated amides, esters, and ketones by an in situ generated palladium hydride catalyst is described. This redox-economical process is triggered by a hydrometalation event and is thermodynamically driven by the refunctionalization of a primary or a secondary alcohol into an aldehyde or a ketone. Di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted carbon-carbon double bonds react with similar efficiency; the system is tolerant toward a variety of functional groups, and olefin migration can be sustained over 30 carbon atoms. The refunctionalized products are usually isolated in good to excellent yield. Mechanistic investigations are in support of a chain-walking process consisting of repeated migratory insertions and β-H eliminations. The bidirectionality of the isomerization reaction was established by isotopic labeling experiments using a substrate with a double bond isolated from both terminal functions. The palladium hydride was also found to be directly involved in the product-forming tautomerization step. The ambiphilic character of the in situ generated [Pd-H] was demonstrated using isomeric trisubstituted α,β-unsaturated esters. Finally, the high levels of enantioselectivity obtained in the isomerization of a small set of α-substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones augur well for the successful development of an enantioselective version of this unconventional isomerization.
Enantioselective, organocatalytic oxy-Michael addition to γ/δ-hydroxy-α,β-enones: Boronate-amine complexes as chiral hydroxide synthons
De, Run Li,Murugan, Andiappan,Falck
, p. 46 - 48 (2008/09/20)
An organocatalytic, enantioselective oxy-Michael addition to achiral γ- and δ-hydroxy-α,β-enones was developed. The key transformation is an unprecedented, asymmetric conjugate addition triggered by complexation between an in situ generated boronic acid hemiester and a chiral amine catalyst. Functionally, the intermediate amine-boronate complex acts as a chiral hydroxide surrogate or synthon. The resultant chiral β-hydroxy-ketones are obtained in good to excellent yields and high ee following mild oxidative removal of the cyclic boronate. Natural products (R,12Z,15Z)-2-hydroxy-4-oxohenicosa-12,15-dienyl acetate and (+)-(S)-streptenol A were synthesized to demonstrate the utility of this reaction. Copyright
Asymmetric synthesis of (R)-hexane-1,5-diol, (R)-hex-3-ene-1,5-diol and (R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol (sulcatol) employing a tandem asymmetric conjugate addition and stereospecific Meisenheimer rearrangement protocol
Davies, Stephen G.,Smyth, G. Darren
, p. 2467 - 2477 (2007/10/03)
Highly stereoselective conjugate addition of lithium (R)-N-methyl-(α-methylbenzyl)amide to tert-butyl (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, followed by reduction of the ester to the corresponding alcohol, affords a substrate which undergoes, upon oxidation, a stereospecific Meisenheimer rearrangement to give a single diastereomer of the corresponding trialkylhydroxylamine. The analogous N-benzyl adduct gives lower yields in the oxidation-rearrangement reaction. If the ester is not reduced to the alcohol, N-oxidation leads to Cope elimination, not Meisenheimer rearrangement. Cleavage of the N-O bond gives (R)-hex-3-ene-1,5-diol, and hydrogenation of the double bond affords (R)-hexane-1,5-diol in high ee. This methodology has been applied to the synthesis of the insect pheromone (R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol (sulcatol) from tert-butyl (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, via a sequence involving conjugate addition of the lithium amide, Grignard addition to the ester, Meisenheimer rearrangement, hydrogenation of the double bond, dehydration of the tertiary alcohol and finally N-O bond cleavage.
