184955-18-8Relevant articles and documents
New water-soluble prodrugs of HIV protease inhibitors based on O→N intramolecular acyl migration
Hamada, Yoshio,Ohtake, Jun,Sohma, Youhei,Kimura, Tooru,Hayashi, Yoshio,Kiso, Yoshiaki
, p. 4155 - 4167 (2007/10/03)
To improve the low water-solubility of HIV protease inhibitors, we synthesized water-soluble prodrugs of KNI-272 and KNI-279 which are potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors consisting of an Apns-Thz core structure (Apns; allophenylnorstatine, Thz; thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) as an inhibitory machinery. The prodrugs, which contained an O-acyl peptidomimetic structure with an ionized amino group leading to the increase of water-solubility, were designed to regenerate the corresponding parent drugs based on the O→N intramolecular acyl migration reaction at the α-hydroxy-β-amino acid residue, that is allophenylnorstatine. The synthetic prodrugs 3, 4, 6, and 7 improved the water-solubility (>300 mg/mL) more than 4000-fold in comparison with the parent compounds, which is the practically acceptable value as water-soluble drugs. These prodrugs were stable as an HCl salt and in a strongly acidic solution corresponding to gastric juice (pH 2.0), and could be converted to the parent compounds promptly in the aqueous condition from slightly acidic to basic pH at 37°C, with the suitable migration rate, via a five-membered ring intermediate. Using a similar method, we synthesized a prodrug (12) of ritonavir, a clinically useful HIV-1 protease inhibitor as an anti-AIDS drug. In contrast to the prodrugs 3, 4, 6, and 7, the prodrug 12 was very slowly converted to ritonavir probably through a six-membered ring intermediate, with the t1/2 value of 32 h that may not be suitable for practical use.
Structure-activity relationship of small-sized HIV protease inhibitors containing allophenylnorstatine
Mimoto, Tsutomu,Kato, Ryohei,Takaku, Haruo,Nojima, Satoshi,Terashima, Keisuke,Misawa, Satoru,Fukazawa, Tominaga,Ueno, Takamasa,Sato, Hideharu,Shintani, Makoto,Kiso, Yoshiaki,Hayashi, Hideya
, p. 1789 - 1802 (2007/10/03)
We designed and synthesized a new class of peptidomimetic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors containing a unique unnatural amino acid, allophenylnorstatine [Apns; (2S,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy- 4-phenylbutyric acid], with a hydroxymethylcarbonyl (HMC) isostere as the active moiety. A systematic evaluation of structure - activity relationships for HIV protease inhibition, anti-HIV activities, and pharmacokinetic profiles has led to the delineation of a set of structural characteristics that appear to afford an orally available HIV protease inhibitor. Optimum structures, exemplified by 21f (JE-2147), incorporated 3-hydroxy-2- methylbenzoyl groups as the P2 ligand, (R)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4- carbonyl (Dmt) residue at the P1' site, and 2-methylbenzylcarboxamide group as the P2' ligand. The present study demonstrated that JE-2147 has potent antiviral activities in vitro and exhibits good oral bioavailability and plasma pharmacokinetic profiles in two species of laboratory animals.
