1855-63-6Relevant articles and documents
A New Preparative Method for α,β-Unsaturated Nitriles by the Palladium-catalysed Decarboxylation-Dehydrogenation of Allyl α-Cyanocarboxylates
Minami, Ichiro,Yuhara, Masami,Shimizu, Isao,Tsuji, Jiro
, p. 118 - 119 (1986)
Allyl α-cyanocarboxylates, derived from cyanoacetic acid, were converted into α,β-unsaturated nitriles in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
Amide α,β-Dehydrogenation Using Allyl-Palladium Catalysis and a Hindered Monodentate Anilide
Chen, Yifeng,Turlik, Aneta,Newhouse, Timothy R.
supporting information, p. 1166 - 1169 (2016/02/18)
A practical and direct method for the α,β-dehydrogenation of amides is reported using allyl-palladium catalysis. Critical to the success of this process was the synthesis and application of a novel lithium N-cyclohexyl anilide (LiCyan). The reaction conditions tolerate a wide variety of substrates, including those with acidic heteroatom nucleophiles.
A chemoenzymatic synthesis of an androgen receptor antagonist
Vaidyanathan, Rajappa,Hesmondhalgh, Lynsey,Hu, Shanghui
, p. 903 - 906 (2012/12/30)
A new scalable enzymatic resolution approach to both enantiomers of trans-2-hydroxycyclohexanecarbonitrile (9 and 11) was developed. Treatment of the racemic mixture (4) with succinic anhydride in the presence of Novozym 435 led to selective acylation of one enantiomer to the corresponding hemisuccinate, which was separated from the unreacted enantiomer by a simple basic extraction. This procedure produced the desired enantiomer in high ee, while obviating the need for chromatography or expensive catalysts and ligands. The application of this protocol to the large-scale synthesis of an androgen receptor antagonist (1) is described.
Michael addition-elimination mechanism for nucleophilic substitution reaction of cycloalkenyl iodonium salts and selectivity of 1,2-hydrogen shift in cycloalkylidene intermediate
Fujita, Morifumi,Wan, Hyeok Kim,Fujiwara, Koji,Okuyama, Tadashi
, p. 480 - 488 (2007/10/03)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Reactions of cyclohexenyl and cyclopentenyl iodonium salts with cyanide ion in chloroform give cyanide substitution products of allylic and vinylic forms. Deuterium-labeling experiments show that the allylic product is formed via the Michael addition of cyanide to the vinylic iodonium salt, followed by elimination of the iodonio group and 1,2-hydrogen shift in the 2-cyanocycloalkylidene intermediate. The hydrogen shift preferentially occurs from the methylene rather than the methine β-position of the carbene, and the selectivity is rationalized by the DFT calculations. The Michael reaction was also observed in the reaction of cyclopentenyliodonium salt with acetate ion in chloroform. The vinylic substitution products are ascribed to the ligand-coupling (via λ3-iodane) and elimination-addition (via cyclohexyne) pathways.
