187978-48-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Coumarin derivatives as protease-sensitive prodrugs
Achilles, Karin
, p. 209 - 215 (2007/10/03)
To overcome the lack of selectivity of anticancer drugs toward malignant cells, the development of prodrugs, which could be activated selectively by tumour-specific proteases is the goal of these studies. In this work tripartate prodrugs have been evaluated consisting of a carrier unit and a spacer group, which allows for intramolecular cyclisation while releasing the third component, the compound attached to the carboxylic acid moiety of the spacer group. As carrier units amino acids or peptides have been used, which are required for recognition by the protease. As the spacer unit the "trimethyl-lock"-spacer has been applied; as a model leaving group p-anisidine was attached to the carboxylic acid moiety. It was intended to test the compounds for their releasing rate of p-anisidine. Two of the evaluated compounds, 9b and 9h, were degraded with half-lives of 46 min at room temperature. However, the poor solubility in aqueous solutions proved the major disadvantage of the TML-based prodrugs.
Synthesis of a Novel Esterase-Sensitive Cyclic Prodrug System for Peptides That Utilizes a "Trimethyl Lock"-Facilitated Lactonization Reaction
Wang, Binghe,Gangwar, Sanjeev,Pauletti, Giovanni M.,Siahaan, Teruna J.,Borchardt, Ronald T.
, p. 1363 - 1367 (2007/10/03)
This paper describes a unique strategy for preparing cyclic prodrugs of peptides that have increased metabolic stability and increased cell membrane permeability when compared to the linear peptides. By taking advantage of a unique "trimethyl lock"-facilitated lactonization system, an esterase-sensitive cyclic prodrug of a model hexapeptide H-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-OH was synthesized by linking the N-terminal amino group to the C-terminal carboxyl group. The key intermediate for both approaches was compound 9 with Boc-Ala attached to the phenol hydroxyl group of the "trimethyl lock" linker through an ester bond, which can then be incorporated into the peptide using a normal coupling reagent for peptide synthesis. The synthesis of the linear peptides was accomplished using both solution-phase and solid-phase approaches with the solution-phase approach having the advantage of using the key intermediate 9 most efficiently. Cyclization using standard high-dilution techniques provided cyclic prodrug 13. In 90% human plasma, prodrug 13 released the original peptide, as designed, through an apparent esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the phenol ester bond.
