189269-90-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols with use of montmorillonite catalysts as solid Bronsted acids
Motokura, Ken,Nakagiri, Nobuaki,Mizugaki, Tomoo,Ebitani, Kohki,Kaneda, Kiyotomi
, p. 6006 - 6015 (2008/02/10)
(Chemical Equation Presented) We have developed an environmentally benign synthetic approach to nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols that minimizes or eliminates the formation of byproducts, resulting in a highly atom-efficient chemical process. Proton- and metal-exchanged montmorillonites (H- and Mn+-mont) were prepared easily by treating Na +-mont with an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride or metal salt, respectively. The H-mont possessed outstanding catalytic activity for nucleophilic substitution reactions of a variety of alcohols with anilines, because the unique acidity of the H-mont catalyst effectively prevents the neutralization by the basic anilines. In addition, amides, indoles, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and allylsilane act as nucleophiles for the H-mont-catalyzed substitutions of alcohols, which allowed efficient formation of various C-N and C-C bonds. The solid H-mont was reusable without any appreciable loss in its catalytic activity and selectivity. Especially, an Al3+-mont showed high catalytic activity for the α-benzylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with primary alcohols due to cooperative catalysis between a protonic acid site and a Lewis acidic Al3+ species in its interlayer spaces.
Palladium-catalyzed arylation of allylic benzoates using hypervalent siloxane derivatives
Correia,DeShong
, p. 7159 - 7165 (2007/10/03)
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of hypervalent arylsiloxane derivatives proceeded in good to excellent yields with allylic benzoates. Arylation occurred with complete inversion of configuration. The scope and limitations of this reaction, an alternative to the Stille coupling, is summarized.
