19042-35-4Relevant articles and documents
Divergent Synthesis of γ-Amino Acid and γ-Lactam Derivatives from meso-Glutaric Anhydrides
Connon, Stephen J.,Craig, Ryan,Smith, Simon N.
supporting information, p. 13378 - 13382 (2020/10/02)
The first divergent synthesis of both γ-amino acid and γ-lactam derivatives from meso-glutaric anhydrides is described. The organocatalytic desymmetrisation with TMSN3 relies on controlled generation of a nucleophilic ammonium azide species mediated by a polystyrene-bound base to promote efficient silylazidation. After Curtius rearrangement of the acyl azide intermediate to access the corresponding isocyanate, hydrolysis/alcoholysis provided uniformly high yields of γ-amino acids and their N-protected counterparts. The same intermediates were shown to undergo an unprecedented decarboxylation–cyclisation cascade in situ to provide synthetically useful yields of γ-lactam derivatives without using any further activating agents. Mechanistic insights invoke the intermediacy of an unconventional γ-N-carboxyanhydride (γ-NCA) in the latter process. Among the examples prepared using this transformation are 8 APIs/molecules of considerable medicinal interest.
TETRAHYDROTHIOPHENE-BASED GABA AMINOTRANSFERASE INACTIVATORS
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Paragraph 44; 69, (2016/09/26)
Tetrahydrothiophene and related heterocyclic analogs and related methods for GABA aminotransferase inactivation.
Design and Mechanism of Tetrahydrothiophene-Based γ-Aminobutyric Acid Aminotransferase Inactivators
Le, Hoang V.,Hawker, Dustin D.,Wu, Rui,Doud, Emma,Widom, Julia,Sanishvili, Ruslan,Liu, Dali,Kelleher, Neil L.,Silverman, Richard B.
, p. 4525 - 4533 (2015/04/22)
Low levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of two major neurotransmitters that regulate brain neuronal activity, are associated with many neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and cocaine addiction. One of the main methods to raise the GABA level in human brain is to use small molecules that cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT), the enzyme that degrades GABA. We have designed a series of conformationally restricted tetrahydrothiophene-based GABA analogues with a properly positioned leaving group that could facilitate a ring-opening mechanism, leading to inactivation of GABA-AT. One compound in the series is 8 times more efficient an inactivator of GABA-AT than vigabatrin, the only FDA-approved inactivator of GABA-AT. Our mechanistic studies show that the compound inactivates GABA-AT by a new mechanism. The metabolite resulting from inactivation does not covalently bind to amino acid residues of GABA-AT but stays in the active site via H-bonding interactions with Arg-192, a π-π interaction with Phe-189, and a weak nonbonded S......O=C interaction with Glu-270, thereby inactivating the enzyme. (Figure Presented).
