19841-72-6Relevant articles and documents
Effect of pretreatment conditions on acidity and dehydration activity of CeO2-MeOx catalysts
Cronauer, Donald C.,Góra-Marek, Kinga,Garcia, Richard,Gnanamani, Muthu Kumaran,Jacobs, Gary,Kropf, A. Jeremy,Marshall, Christopher L.
, (2020/07/10)
A series of MeOx-modified CeO2 (CeO2-MnOx, CeO2-ZnO, CeO2-MgO, CeO2-CaO, and CeO2-Na2O) catalysts were prepared by the impregnation of CeO2 with corresponding metal nitrates. Acidity and oxidation state of cerium were investigated on both oxidized and reduced catalysts by employing Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on adsorbed pyridine and in situ H2-Temperature Programmed Reduction/X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (H2-TPR/XAS) techniques, respectively. Metal oxide addition tended to alter both type and number of acid sites on ceria. EXAFS data showed a significant difference in NCe-O between unmodified and CeO2-MeOx, suggesting that added MeOx interferes with vacancy formation on ceria during reduction. In comparison with air-pretreated samples, H2-pretreated ones under similar conversion of 1,5 pentanediol exhibited a higher selectivity towards linear alcohols. Alcohol conversion found to correlate with total acidity (i.e., Br?nsted and Lewis). CeO2 benefited from the addition of alkali (Na) or alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca) by producing unsaturated alcohols.
Acyclic Stereoselection. 17. Simple Diastereoselection in the Addition of Medium- and Long-Chain n-Alkyl Ketone Lithium Enolates to Aldehydes
Heathcock, , Clayton H.,Lampe, John
, p. 4330 - 4337 (2007/10/02)
The n-alkyl tert-butyl ketones 1b-d have been prepared and the stereochemistry of their aldol reaction with benzaldehyde has been investigated.As with ketone 1a, ketones 1b-d give Z-enolates that react with benzaldehyde in THF at -78 deg C to give syn aldols.When the aldol additions are carried out in pentane, the syn aldols are also the kinetic products, but syn-anti equilibration is much more rapid in this solvent; after reaction at 25 deg C for 20 min, ketones 1c and 1d give only the anti aldols 3c and 3d.Aldolate syn-anti equilibration becomes more facile as the size of the α-alkyl group increases.Ketone 14 has been prepared and employed in a synthesis of methyl (+/-)-isocorynomycolate; the crucial aldol addition, leading to β-hydroxyketones 15 and 16, proceeds with kinetic stereoselection of only 4.5:1.