19879-84-6Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of cyclodextrin-based carbohydrate clusters by photoaddition reactions
Fulton,Stoddart
, p. 8309 - 8319 (2001)
The syntheses of homogeneous cyclodextrin-based carbohydrate clusters, persubstituted with β-D-thioglucosyl or D-thiolactosyl residues on either (a) the primary face, (b) the secondary face, or (c) both the primary and the secondary faces of their cyclodextrin tori, are described. The key step in the synthetic methodology, namely the attachment of the carbohydrate residues to the cyclodextrin torus, proceeds in moderate-good yields (42-70%) by the photoaddition of thiol groups, positioned at the anomeric centers of the carbohydrate residues, to allyl ether functions on the cyclodextrins. Facile removal of protecting groups then affords the free cluster compounds. Extensive 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopic investigations were performed on these compounds to determine their structures and establish their homogeneities, and a brief computer molecular modeling study allowed estimates of the dimensions of the clusters to be determined.
Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of an Artificial, Fluorescent Glucosinolate (GSL)
Glindemann, Carina Patrizia,Backenk?hler, Anita,Strieker, Matthias,Wittstock, Ute,Klahn, Philipp
, p. 2341 - 2345 (2019)
The synthesis of the first example of a fluorescent glucosinolate (GSL)–BODIPY conjugate based on an azide-containing artificial GSL precursor (GSL-N3) is reported. Biochemical evaluation of the artificial GSLs revealed that the compounds are converted to the corresponding isothiocyanates in the presence of myrosinase. Furthermore, myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis in the presence of plant specifier proteins yielded the expected alternative products, namely nitriles. The easy assembly of the fluorescent GSL–BODIPY conjugate by click chemistry from GSL-N3 holds potential for application as a fluorescence labeling tool to investigate GSL-associated processes.
One pot synthesis of thio -glycosides via aziridine opening reactions
Hribernik, Nives,Tamburrini, Alice,Falletta, Ermelinda,Bernardi, Anna
, p. 233 - 247 (2021/01/14)
A one-pot aziridine opening reaction by glycosyl thiols generated in situ from the corresponding anomeric thio-acetates affords thio-glycosides with a pseudo-disaccharide structure and an N-linked tether. The scope of the one-pot aziridine opening reaction was explored on a series of mono- and disaccharides, creating a class of pseudo-glycosidic compounds with potential for further functionalization. Unexpected anomerization of glycosyl thiols was observed under the reaction conditions and the influence of temperature, base and solvent on the isomerization was investigated. Single isomers were obtained in good to acceptable yields for mannose, rhamnose and sialic acid derivatives. The class of thio-glycomimetics synthesized can potentially be recognized by various lectins, while presenting hydrolytic and enzymatic stability. The nitrogen functionality incorporated in the glycomimetics can be exploited for further functionalization, including tethering to linkers, scaffolds or peptide residues.
Improved Synthesis of 1-Glycosyl Thioacetates and Its Application in the Synthesis of Thioglucoside Gliflozin Analogues
Dong, Hai,Feng, Guang-Jing,Luo, tao,Lv, Jian,Wang, Shuang-Shuang,Wu, Yuzhou
, p. 2940 - 2949 (2021/07/26)
An improved method to synthesize 1-glycosyl thioacetates was developed, where per-O-acetylated glycoses were allowed to directly react with potassium thioacetate (KSAc) in the presence of BF3 ? Et2O in ethyl acetate under mild conditions. This method not only overcomes the disadvantage of the traditional one-step method, which is that the odorous and toxic thioacetic acid has to be used, but also overcomes the disadvantage of the traditional two-step method, which is that the unstable intermediate, glycosyl halide, has to be synthesized from the per-O-acetylated glycose in advance. Based on this, the per-O-acetylated glucosyl disulfide and the per-O-acetylated glucosyl 1-thiol were efficiently synthesized in high yields (91 % and 90 % respectively) starting from per-O-acetylated glycoses in two-step without the need to isolate intermediate products. Through metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of per-O-acetylated glucosyl 1-thiol with aryl-iodide under very mild conditions, two thioglucoside gliflozin analogues were efficiently synthesized in high yields for the first time. These two thioglucoside gliflozin analogues were further confirmed to be stable to hydrolysis of β-glucosidase.
8-Hydroxyquinoline glycoconjugates containing sulfur at the sugar anomeric position—synthesis and preliminary evaluation of their cytotoxicity
Erfurt, Karol,Hadasik, Agnieszka,Krawczyk, Monika,Pastuch-Gawo?ek, Gabriela
, (2020/09/18)
One of the main factors limiting the effectiveness of many drugs is the difficulty of their delivery to their target site in the cell and achieving the desired therapeutic dose. Moreover, the accumulation of the drug in healthy tissue can lead to serious side effects. The way to improve the selectivity of a drug to the cancer cells seems to be its conjugation with a sugar molecule, which should facilitate its selective transport through GLUT transporters (glucose transporters), whose overexpression is seen in some types of cancer. This was the idea behind the synthesis of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) derivative glycoconjugates, for which 1-thiosugar derivatives were used as sugar moiety donors. It was expected that the introduction of a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen atom into the anomeric position of the sugar would increase the stability of the obtained glycoconjugates against untimely hydrolytic cleavage. The anticancer activity of new compounds was determined based on the results of the MTT cytotoxicity tests. Because of the assumption that the activity of this type of compounds was based on metal ion chelation, the effect of the addition of copper ions on cell proliferation was tested for some of them. It turned out that cancer cells treated with glycoconjugates in the presence of Cu2+ had a much slower growth rate compared to cells treated with free glycoconjugates in the absence of copper. The highest cytotoxic activity of the compounds was observed against the MCF-7 cell line.
