199111-38-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Benzylic C-H activation and C-O bond formation via aryl to benzylic 1,4-palladium migrations
Kesharwani, Tanay,Larock, Richard C.
, p. 6090 - 6102 (2008/09/21)
A procedure for benzylic C-H activation has been developed using a palladium 1,4-aryl to benzylic migration as a key step. Carboxylates and phenoxides readily trap the resulting benzylic palladium intermediates obtained from palladium 'through space' migration. Aryl bromides and iodides have been successfully employed in this reaction, furnishing moderate to good yields. The mechanism of this reaction has been studied by deuterium-labeling experiments, which suggest that the migration of palladium from an aryl to a benzylic position occurs reversibly. The reaction conditions developed for the migration process also oxidize the neighboring benzylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones.
Palladium-Catalyzed Methylation of Aryl and Vinyl Halides by Stabilized Methylaluminum and Methylgallium Complexes
Blum, Jochanan,Gelman, Dmitri,Baidossi, Wael,Shakh, Eduard,Rosenfeld, Ayelet,Aizenshtat, Zeev,Wassermann, Birgit C.,Frick, Michael,Heymer, Bernd,Schutte, Stefan,Wernik, Sonja,Schumann, Herbert
, p. 8681 - 8686 (2007/10/03)
The intramolecularly stabilized mono- and dialkylaluminum complexes 1a, 2, 3, 4a, 5a, 5c, 6a, 6c, 7, 8, and 9 in the presence of palladium catalysts, cross-alkylate aryl, vinyl, and benzyl bromides and iodides under mild standard laboratory conditions. Aryl bromides with carbonyl substituents or benzylic halides are converted partially into dialkyl compounds. Under similar conditions, the analogous stabilized dimethylgallium complexes 1b, 4b, 5b, 6b, and 10 methylate aryl and vinyl bromides and iodides in a highly selective manner. Substituted bromobenzenes XC6H4Br, where X = CHO, COPh, CO2Et, CN, NO2, Cl, CH2Br, or CH=CHCOPh, are methylated by the organogallium reagents usually only at the aromatic ring halogen atom to give substituted toluenes as single products. The methylation rates were shown to depend on the nature of the chelating ligands, on the solvent, and on the type of palladium catalyst employed.
