20640-68-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Development of a class-selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for mercapturic acids in human urine
Lohse, Christian,Jaeger, Lynn L.,Staimer, Norbert,Sanborn, Jim R.,Daniel Jones,Lango, Jozsef,Gee, Shirley J.,Hammock, Bruce D.
, p. 5913 - 5923 (2000)
Epidemiological and toxicological studies often require the analysis of large numbers of samples for biological markers of exposure. The goal of this work was to develop a class-selective ELISA to detect groups of structurally closely related mercapturic acids with small nonpolar S-substituents. An assay was developed with strong recognition for mercapturates including S-benzylmercapturic acid (IC50 = 0.018 μmol/L), S-n-hexylmercapturic acid (IC50 = 0.021 μmol/L), S-phenylmercapturic acid (IC50 = 0.024 μmol/L), and S-cyclohexylmethylmercapturic acid (IC50 = 0.042 μmol/L). The same assay also showed weaker recognition for S-(1-hydroxynaphthal-2-yl)mercapturic acid and S-allylmercapturic acid (IC50 = 1.1 and 1.7 μmol/L, respectively). Subtle modifications to the hapten linker structure of the coating antigen proved to have a strong impact on the selectivity and the specificity of the assay. A slightly modified assay showed high recognition for S-benzylmercapturic acid (IC50 = 0.018 μmol/L) and weaker recognition for seven other mercapturic acids (IC50 = 0.021-10 μmol/L). Strong positive assay responses were detected in 12 urine samples obtained from persons with no known occupational exposure to exogenous electrophilic xenobiotics. Solid phase extraction and cross-reactivity indicated that the presumptive immunoreactive materials were similar in size and polarity to S-benzylmercapturic acid. The assay was more selective to mercapturic acids than the spectrophotometric thioether assay.
Formation of β-lactams from 3-phenylthiopropionamide derivatives. A possible model for penicillin biosynthesis
Beckwith,Easton
, p. 3995 - 4001 (2007/10/02)
The Cu-catalysed reaction of the substituted 3-phenylthiopropianamide with di-t-butyl peroxide gives the β-lactam via oxidative cyclisation of the α-thioalkyl radical. Similar reactions of the propionamides with t-butyl perbenzoate give benzoates which can be readily converted into the β-lactams, but neither β-lactams nor benzoates can be obtained from the thiazepines. Dimethyl disulfide is benzoyloxylated on treatment with t-butyl perbenzoate. The relevance of these results to penicillin biosynthesis is discussed.
