2067-32-5Relevant articles and documents
Photochromism of nitrospiropyrans: Effects of structure, solvent and temperature
Goerner
, p. 416 - 423 (2001)
The thermal and photochemical ring opening and ring closure of the spiropyran/merocyanine couple of three nitro-substituted spiropyrans (6-NO2: 6, 7 and 8-NO2: 8) were studied and the results were compared with those of other 6-NO2 spirobenzopyranindolines (BIPS) (1-5). The photocolouration, which occurs in the triplet manifold throughout, and the photochemical conversion and thermal relaxation of the two observable photomerocyanines into the closed spiropyran (Sp) form (decolouration) were quantified as a function of solvent polarity and temperature. The relaxation time (τt-Sp) at 25°C ranges from 2 s for 5 in methylcyclohexane to 104 s for 7 in ethanol. This large variation in τt-Sp is due to changes in both the activation energy (Ea = 75-105 kJ mol-1, increasing with polarity) and the pre-exponential factor (A = 1012-1015 s-1). The quantum yield of colouration with 308 nm pulses is substantial in solvents of low polarity (φcol = 0.3-0.8) and decreases (c→t = 30-40 kJ mol-1. The effects of substituents and medium properties are described and the mechanism of photochromism is discussed.
TIME TEMPERATURE INDICATOR COMPRISING INDOLENIN BASED SPIROPYRANS
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Page/Page column 14, (2010/08/04)
The present invention relates to time-temperature indicator (TTI) systems comprising indolenin based spiropyrans containing a cyclohexyl residue of formula (I), a method of manufacturing the time temperature indicator system, and a method of determining the time temperature history of perishable goods using the system. Moreover, the invention relates to a matrix selected from a printing ink or printing ink concentrate, paint, varnish, label, packaging material, and polymeric material comprising the system.