20748-72-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Cytotoxicity of protic ionic liquids towards the HaCat cell line derived from human skin
Abraham, Amanda N.,Arunkumar, Radhika,Drummond, Calum J.,Greaves, Tamar L.,Shukla, Ravi
, (2020/07/03)
In this work we have investigated the toxicity of 10 PILs, consisting of ethyl-, ethanol-, diethanol- and triethanolammonium cations paired with nitrate, formate, acetate and glycolate anions. Their toxicity was quantified by the EC50 values of each of these PILs towards HaCat cells, which are derived from human skin cells. Additional salts and solvents were used for comparison including DMSO, choline chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium acetate and ethanol to distinguish if the toxicity changes were due to ionicity, short chain amphiphilic behaviour, or specific ion effects. The toxicity followed the general trend of choline chloride acetate containing PILs DMSO sodium acetate ethanol nitrate containing PILs or salt. Ethanolammonium acetate and ethylammonium acetate were identified as having the lowest toxicities of the PILs, being slightly more toxic than choline chloride or DMSO. Overall the toxicity was found to be highly dependent on the cation and anion combination, with the anion having a stronger affect. It was evident that the PILs can be tailored to vary their toxicities, and this is expected to be dependent on which cell lines are used.
Nanoreactors stable up to 200 °c: A class of high temperature microemulsions composed solely of ionic liquids
Pei, Yuanchao,Ru, Jie,Yao, Kaisheng,Hao, Lihui,Li, Zhiyong,Wang, Huiyong,Zhu, Xingqi,Wang, Jianji
supporting information, p. 6260 - 6263 (2018/06/22)
It is a challenge to develop microemulsions which can serve as nanoreactors for the synthesis of nanoparticles and chemical reactions at high temperature. In this work, a class of novel high temperature microemulsions consisting solely of ionic liquids have been designed and prepared for the first time. It is found that nanoscale droplets formed in the ionic liquid microemulsions can be maintained up to 200 °C, and the size distribution of the droplets can be easily tuned by selection of the ionic liquids and varying compositions of the systems. By using such microemulsions as nanoreactors, porous metals such as Pt have been prepared at 180 °C without using any purposely added reductant.
Protic ionic liquids (PILs) nanostructure and physicochemical properties: Development of high-throughput methodology for PIL creation and property screens
Greaves, Tamar L.,Ha, Krystal,Muir, Benjamin W.,Howard, Shaun C.,Weerawardena, Asoka,Kirby, Nigel,Drummond, Calum J.
, p. 2357 - 2365 (2015/02/19)
A high-throughput approach was developed in order to prepare and dry a series of protic ionic liquids (PILs) from 48 Bronsted acid-base combinations. Many combinations comprised an alkyl carboxylic acid paired with an alkyl amine. Visual screens were developed to identify which acid-base combinations formed PILs, and of those, which PILs were likely to have high surface tensions, low viscosities, and low melting points. The surface tension screen was validated through pendant drop surface tension measurements. Karl Fischer coulometric titration was used to obtain the water contents, and it was noted that there is a considerable difference in the drying rate throughout this series of PILs. It was observed that an octyl chain present on either the cation or anion was detrimental to the formation of a PIL with a low melting point, and instead increased the likelihood of a gel or solid forming. The nanostructure of the PILs was determined, using synchrotron small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), to consist of polar and non-polar domains, with the alkyl chains on the cation and anion intercalating. The results indicate that both the alkyl chain on the cation and/or anion contribute to the correlation distance, for the intermediate range order, with the expectation that there is charge alternation of the ions in the polar region. The maximum correlation distance was observed when there was an alkyl chain present on only one ion. This correlation distance could be significantly reduced by varying the alkyl chain length present on the other ion, which was attributed to increased disorder and interdigitation of chains, and to toe-to-toe alignment of the chains. To the best of our knowledge this is the first PIL report into the effect of having an alkyl chain present on both the cation and the anion. This journal is
