207597-75-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
FORMULATIONS FOR THE DELIVERY OF ACTIVE AGENTS TO INSECTS, PLANTS, AND PLANT PATHOGENS
-
Paragraph 0300; 0301, (2017/12/07)
The present disclosure is directed to formulations comprising (1) at least one formulation transport agent, (2) at least one complexing agent, and (3) at least one active agent that modulates one or more traits of a target insect, plant, or plant pathogen. The present disclosure is also directed to methods of delivering such formulations to the target organism, as well as to formulation transport agents used to prepare such formulations.
Photoproducts and metabolites of a common insect growth regulator produce developmental deformities in Xenopus
La Clair, James J.,Bantle, John A.,Dumont, James
, p. 1453 - 1461 (2007/10/03)
In the past decade, numerous sights across North America have been found which contain abnormal levels of deformed amphibians. This deformation was not limited to species, geography, or climate and spanned a wide range of phenotypes. This report begins to explain these findings by examining the effects of pesticide degradation in early amphibian development through directly exposing Xenopus laevis embryos to trace levels of synthetically prepared degradates. This method specifically determines the risk posed by each individual chemical resulting from the natural fate of the host pesticide. Through this approach, we find that while the common insect growth regulator, S-methoprene, poses minimal developmental determent, products of its reaction with sunlight, water, and microorganisms dramatically interfere with normal amphibian development. The addition of 1 μL/L of several of S- methoprene's degradates to the environment of developing embryos resulted in juveniles with deformation similar to that found naturally. Current developmental assessments examine only the risk posed by host pesticides. This study now suggest that the simple examination of the these materials is not sufficient, but now forward the need for critically examining the temporal relation between both development and chemical degradation. In the past decade, numerous sights across North America have been found which contain abnormal levels of deformed amphibians. This deformation was not limited to species, geography, or climate and spanned a wide range of phenotypes. This report begins to explain these findings by examining the effects of pesticide degradation in early amphibian development through directly exposing Xenopus laevis embryos to trace levels of synthetically prepared degradates. This method specifically determines the risk posed by each individual chemical resulting from the natural fate of the host pesticide. Through this approach, we find that while the common insect growth regulator, S-methoprene, poses minimal developmental determent, products of its reaction with sunlight, water, and microorganisms dramatically interfere with normal amphibian development. The addition of 1 μL/L of several of S-methoprene's degradates to the environment of developing embryos resulted in juveniles with deformation similar to that found naturally. Current developmental assessments examine only the risk posed by host pesticides. This study now suggest that the simple examination of the these materials is not sufficient, but now forward the need for critically examining the temporal relation between both development and chemical degradation.
