210626-08-7Relevant articles and documents
Electrophilic cyclisation of bis(4-methoxybenzylthio)acetylene - Competition between Ar2-6 and Ar1-5 routes, yielding 1H-2-benzothiopyrans or spiro derivatives of cyclohexadienone
Appel, Thomas R.,Yehia, Nasser A. M.,Baumeister, Ute,Hartung, Helmut,Kluge, Ralph,Stroehl, Dieter,Fanghaenel, Egon
, p. 47 - 53 (2003)
Treatment of bis(4-methoxybenzylthio)acetylene (1) with iodine monochloride yields different products in the presence or absence of nucleophiles such as water or alcohols. Normally, the electrophilic cyclisation of bis(benzylthio)acetylenes produces 1H-2-benzothiopyrans 2 by intramolecular ortho attack on the aromatic ring by a vinyl cation formed in situ (Ar2-6 cyclisation). In the case of 1, however, the high electron density in the ipso position of the aromatic ring favours ipso attack (Ar1-5 route). The fate of the ipso σ complex is determined by the presence or absence of nucleophiles in the reaction medium. When nucleophiles are excluded, the σ complex is stabilised by 1,2-migration and formation of 1H-2-benzothiopyran 2a. In the presence of water, the σ complex yields spirocyclohexadienone dihydrothiophenes 3a and 3d. In the presence of 3-methylbenzyl alcohol, the methoxy substituent of the 2-benzothiopyran ring is exchanged by the 3-methylbenzyloxy group in product 2d. These findings are consistent with the formation of 2a, 2c, 2d and 2f by ipso and not ortho - attack on the 4-methoxyphenyl ring. Similar results were obtained both with ICl and from a proton-induced cyclisation. In one-pot syntheses, 3a and 3d were transformed into 2-benzothiopyrylium salts 4a and 4b by tritylium tetrafluoroborate, and 3a and 3b were rearranged into the 6-hydroxy-substituted 2-benzothiopyrans 2b and 2g by proton catalysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003.
Versatile route to functionalized 1H-2-benzothiopyrans and 1H-2- naphthothiopyrans by electrophilic cyclization of Bis(arylmethylthio)acetylenes: 2-Benzo- and 2-naphthothiopyrylium salts
Klein,Bergemann,Yehia,Fanghanel
, p. 4626 - 4631 (2007/10/03)
Substituted 1H-2-benzothiopyrans find applications as pharmaceutically active compounds or synthons for more complex sulfur heterocycles. However, restricted variability in their synthesis limits the application for research or industrial purposes. To develop a direct and fast route to substituted and functionalized 1H-2-benzothiopyrans, we investigated the ring closure of symmetrical bis(arylmethylthio)acetylenes with iodine monochloride or bromine. This facile reaction yielded 1H-3-halo-4-arylmethylthio-2-benzo- and 2-naphthothiopyrans via postulated vinyl cations in yields of 47-86%. Substituted 2-benzo- and 2-naphthothiopyrylium salts were prepared by hydride abstraction with triphenylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate from the products, further enhancing the synthetic potential of the found cyclization reaction.
