2149-82-8Relevant articles and documents
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Moffatt
, p. 1118,1122 (1963)
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Loop residues and catalysis in OMP synthase
Wang, Gary P.,Hansen, Michael Riis,Grubmeyer, Charles
experimental part, p. 4406 - 4415 (2012/09/07)
Residue-to-alanine mutations and a two-amino acid deletion have been made in the highly conserved catalytic loop (residues 100-109) of Salmonella typhimurium OMP synthase (orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.10). As described previously, the K103A mutant enzyme exhibited a 104-fold decrease in kcat/KM for PRPP; the K100A enzyme suffered a 50-fold decrease. Alanine mutations at His105 and Glu107 produced 40- and 7-fold decreases in kcat/KM, respectively, and E101A, D104A, and G106A were slightly faster than the wild-type (WT) in terms of kcat, with minor effects on kcat/KM. Equilibrium binding of OMP or PRPP in binary complexes was affected little by loop mutation, suggesting that the energetics of ground-state binding have little contribution from the catalytic loop, or that a favorable binding energy is offset by costs of loop reorganization. Pre-steady-state kinetics for mutants showed that K103A and E107A had lost the burst of product formation in each direction that indicated rapid on-enzyme chemistry for WT, but that the burst was retained by H105A. Δ102Δ106, a loop-shortened enzyme with Ala102 and Gly106 deleted, showed a 104-fold reduction of kcat but almost unaltered KD values for all four substrate molecules. The 20% (i.e., 1.20) intrinsic [1′-3H]OMP kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for WT is masked because of high forward and reverse commitment factors. K103A failed to express intrinsic KIEs fully (1.095 ± 0.013). In contrast, H105A, which has a smaller catalytic lesion, gave a [1′-3H]OMP KIE of 1.21 ± 0.0005, and E107A (1.179 ± 0.0049) also gave high values. These results are interpreted in the context of the X-ray structure of the complete substrate complex for the enzyme [Grubmeyer, C., Hansen, M. R., Fedorov, A. A., and Almo, S. C. (2012) Biochemistry 51 (preceding paper in this issue, DOI 10.1021/bi300083p)]. The full expression of KIEs by H105A and E107A may result from a less secure closure of the catalytic loop. The lower level of expression of the KIE by K103A suggests that in these mutant proteins the major barrier to catalysis is successful closure of the catalytic loop, which when closed, produces rapid and reversible catalysis. (Graph Presented).
A substantial oxygen isotope effect at O2 in the OMP decarboxylase reaction: Mechanistic implications
Wepukhulu, Wickliffe O.,Smiley, Vanessa L.,Vemulapalli, Bhargavi,Smiley, Jeffrey A.,Phillips, Linda M.,Lee, Jeehiun K.
experimental part, p. 4533 - 4541 (2009/03/12)
Orotidine-5′-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMP decarboxylase, ODCase) catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidine-5′-monophosphate (OMP) to uridine-5′-monophosphate (UMP). Despite extensive enzymological, structural, and computational studies, the mechanism of ODCase remains incompletely characterized. Herein, carbon kinetic isotope effects were measured for both the natural abundance substrate and a substrate mixture synthesized for the purpose of carrying out the remote double label isotope effect procedure, with O2 of the substrate as the remote position. The carbon kinetic isotope effect on enzymatic decarboxylation of this substrate mix was measured to be 1.0199 ± 0.0007, compared to the value of 1.0289 ± 0.0009 for natural abundance OMP, revealing an 18O2 isotope effect of 0.991 ± 0.001. This value equates to an intrinsic isotope effect of approximately 0.983, using a calculated commitment factor derived from previous isotope effect data. The measured 18O2 isotope effect requires a mechanism with one or more enzymatic processes, including binding and/or chemistry, that contribute to this substantial inverse isotope effect. 18O2 kinetic isotope effects were calculated for four proposed mechanisms: decarboxylation preceded by proton transfer to 1) O2; 2) O4; and 3) C5; and 4) decarboxylation without a preceding protonation step. A mechanism involving no pre-decarboxylation step does not appear to have any steps with the necessary substantial inverse 18O2 effect, thus calling into question any mechanism involving simple direct decarboxylation. Protonation at O2, O4, or C5 are all calculated to proceed with inverse 18O2 effects, and could contribute to the experimentally measured value. Recent crystal structures indicate that O2 of the substrate appears to be involved in an intricate bonding arrangement involving the substrate phosphoryl group, an enzyme Gln side chain, and a bound water molecule; this interaction likely contributes to the observed isotope effect.
