21564-79-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Evolution of products in the combustion of scrap tires in a horizontal, laboratory scale reactor
Fullana,Font,Conesa,Blasco
, p. 2092 - 2099 (2007/10/03)
A horizontal laboratory reactor was used to study the evolution of byproducts from the combustion of scrap tires at five nominal temperatures (ranging from 650 to 1050 °C) and different oxygen:sample ratios A model was used to calculate the bulk air ratio (λ), and the oxygen consumption was discussed considering this ratio λ. More than 100 volatile and semivolatile compounds were identified and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, plotting their yields vs the bulk air ratio and temperature. Five different behaviors considering the bulk air ratio and the temperature were identified.
Photochemistry of 3-methyl- and 4-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene in the gas phase1
Duguid, Robert J.,Morrison, Harry
, p. 1271 - 1281 (2007/10/02)
The photochemistry of 3-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (3-MDHN) and 4-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (4-MDHN) has been studied in the gas phase. Photolysis of 3-MDHN with 254-nm light produces 2-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (2-MDHN) as the major primary product. Naphthalene is also formed, apparently as a secondary photoproduct from 2-MDHN. Addition of butane to the photolysis mixture quenches the formation of 2-MDHN while producing a new photoproduct, 1-isopropenylbenzocyclobutene (IBCB). This product is also formed when light centered at 300 nm is used for the photolysis. Photolysis of 4-MDHN vapor with 254-nm light gives three products unique to the gas phase: 1-isopropenyl-2-vinylbenzene (IVB), 3-(o-tolyl)-1,2-butadiene (T12B), and 1-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (1-MDHN). An apparent alkyl shift product, 3-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (3-MDHN), and naphthalene are also formed, apparently as secondary photolysis products from 1-MDHN. In addition, several photoproducts common to both the solution and gas phase are detected: 2-(o-tolyl)-1,3-butadiene (T13B), 1-methylbenzobicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene (1-MBBH), 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene (1-M-1,4-DHN), 1-methyltetralin (1-MT), and 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN). Again, the presence of butane during the 254-nm photolysis, or the use of longer wavelength light, gives rise to a new photoproduct, 1-methyl-1-vinylbenzocyclobutene (MVBCB). The fluorescence excitation spectrum for 4-MDHN confirms that 254-nm excitation into S2 leads to minimal population of the emissive vibrational levels of S1. Two pathways appear to dominate the photochemistry: retro [4 + 2] cycloaddition to give o-quinodimethane intermediates and sequential hydrogen shifts. These pathways derive from S2 and/or upper vibrational levels of S1 (S1vib) as indicated by the characteristic responses of their ultimate products to the presence of buffer gas. The benzocyclobutenes are unique; they are postulated to arise through a 2 + 2 closure of a vibrationally relaxed precursor o-quinodimethane or via a [1,3] sigmatropic shift in a uniquely populated set of S1vib levels.
