21802-46-0Relevant articles and documents
Conformational analysis of 9-substituted adenines in relation to their microsomal N1-oxidation
Lam,Barlow,Gorrod
, p. 373 - 378 (1989)
Metabolic N-oxidation of adenine, 9-methyladenine, 9-benzyladenine, 9-benzhydryladenine and 9-trityladenine has been investigated using hepatic microsomes from hamster, guinea-pig, rabbit, mouse, rat, and dog. N1-Oxide formation occurs with 9-b
Regioselective alkylation of the exocyclic nitrogen of adenine and adenosine by the Mitsunobu reaction
Fletcher, Steven
scheme or table, p. 2948 - 2950 (2010/06/21)
A novel synthetic route to N6-substitution of adenine is presented, employing the Mitsunobu reaction as the key step. A range of primary and secondary alcohols all coupled in very good to excellent yields within 30 min at 45 °C, offering a milder alternative to the traditional nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 6-chloropurine. The utility of this protocol is further demonstrated by its application to the syntheses of N6,N9-di-substituted adenines, including the potent and selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel nucleoside and nucleotide analogues as agents against DNA viruses and/or retroviruses
Hakimelahi,Tai Wei Ly,Moosavi-Movahedi,Jain,Zakerinia,Davari,Mei,Sambaiah,Moshfegh,Hakimelahi
, p. 3710 - 3720 (2007/10/03)
A novel strategy was developed for the synthesis of N7-purine acyclic nucleosides 9 and 14. The key step involved the reaction between [2-(p- methoxyphenyloxy)ethoxy]methyl chloride and N9-tritylated nucleobases 6 or 11 followed by concomitant self-detritylation. N7-Guanine acyclic nucleoside 9 exhibited antiviral activity, but was phosphorylated by both HSV and Vero cell thymidine kinases. Thus, it showed more potent cellular toxicity than acyclovir (2). N7-Adenine acyclic nucleoside 14 was found to be an excellent antiviral agent as well as a good inhibitor of calf mucosal adenosine deaminase. This inhibitory property allows for a greater expression of antiviral activity of antiviral agents, such as N9-adenine acyclic nucleoside 1 and ara-A (3). Compound 14 was phosphorylated neither by herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase nor by Vero cell thymidine kinase, yet it enhanced the rate constant for the monophosphorylation of acyclovir (2) by HSV thymidine kinase. Consequently, the combination of acyclovir (2) and 14 exhibited greater antiviral activity than acyclovir alone. 7-[2(Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] adenine (20) was also synthesized. The key step involved the reaction of 9-(2-cyanoethyl)adenine (15) with methyl iodoacetate in the presence of lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine in THF. Unlike 9-[2- (phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] adenine (PMEA, 4), the N7-isomer 20 was not phosphorylated effectively by 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPP synthetase). Thus, it did not exhibit pronounced antiviral activity. Dinucleotide 5′-monophosphate 24 and its butenolide ester 25 were also synthesized. Compound 24 showed substrate activity toward PRPP synthetase and exhibited notable activity against DNA viruses. The antiviral activity of the ester derivative 25 was found to be higher than that of the parent molecule 24. Dinucleotide 5′-monophosphate 24 is suseptible to degradation by snake venom and spleen phosphodiesterases. However, its respective butenolide ester derivative 25 was completely resistant to snake venom and spleen enzymes. Butenolide ester derivatives 28 and 29 were also synthesized and exhibited notable anti-DNA virus and anti-retrovirus activity in vitro. Compounds 2, 4, 9, 14, 20, 24, 25, and 28 were also evaluated for their inhibitory effect on HSV-1-induced mortality in NMRI mice. N7-adenine acyclic nucleoside 14 [LD50 (intraperitoneal, ip) 950 mg/kg], nucleotide-containing butenolide 25 [LD50 (ip) 675 mg/kg], and butenolide 28 [LD50 (ip) 710 mg/kg] were found to be potent anti-HSV-1 agents in vivo. In addition, butenolide 28 efficiently decreased tumor formation induced by Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV) in NMRI mice while significantly increasing the survival time of MSV-infected mice.
