22541-88-4

Upstream product

• 52389-25-0 tris(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) 
• 14403-82-8 pentaammineaquacobalt(III) 
• 15365-81-8 Fe(water)6⁽²⁺⁾ 
• 14627-67-9 thallium(III) ion 
• 22541-59-9 ruthenium(II) 
• 53440-18-9 hydrazinium 
• 1287-13-4 bis(η⁵-cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium 
• 16940-66-2 sodium tetrahydroborate 
• 20427-56-9 ruthenium tetroxide 
• 83605-49-6 [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)2(diethyl 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate)] hexafluorophosphate 

Downstream Products

• 22541-59-9 ruthenium(II) 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Oxidation of Bromide to Bromine by Ruthenium(II) Bipyridine-Type Complexes Using the Flash-Quench Technique

Six ruthenium complexes, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (1), [Ru(bpy)2(deeb)]2+ (2), [Ru(deeb)2(dmbpy)]2+ (3), [Ru(deeb)2(bpy)]2+ (4), [Ru(deeb)3]2+ (5), and [Ru(deeb)2(bpz)] 2+ (6) (bpy: 2,2′-bipyridine; deeb: 4,4′-diethylester-2,2′-bipyridine; dmbpy: 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, bpz: 2,2′-bipyrazine), have been employed to sensitize photochemical oxidation of bromide to bromine. The oxidation potential for complexes 1-6 are 1.26, 1.36, 1.42, 1.46, 1.56, and 1.66 V vs SCE, respectively. The bimolecular rate constants for the quenching of complexes 1-6 by ArN2+ (bromobenzenediazonium) are determined as 1.1 × 109, 1.6 × 108, 1.4 × 108, 1.2 × 108, 6.4 × 107, and 8.9 × 106 M-1 s-1, respectively. Transient kinetics indicated that Br- reacted with photogenerated Ru(III) species at different rates. Bimolecular rate constants for the oxidation of Br- by the Ru(III) species derived from complexes 1-5 are observed as 1.2 × 108, 1.3 × 109, 4.0 × 109, 4.8 × 109, and 1.1 × 1010, M-1 s-1, respectively. The last reaction kinetics observed in the three-component system consisting of a Ru sensitizer, quencher, and bromide is shown to be independent of the Ru sensitizer. The final product was identified as bromine by its reaction with hexene. The last reaction kinetics is assigned to the disproportionation reaction of Br2-? ions, for which the rate constant is determined as 5 × 109 M-1 s-1. Though complex 6 has the highest oxidation potential in the Ru(II)/Ru(III) couple, its excited state fails to react with ArN2+ sufficiently for subsequent reactions. The Ru(III) species derived from complex 1 reacts with Br- at the slowest rate. Complexes 2-5 are excellent photosensitizers to drive photooxidation of bromide to bromine.

Pressure Effect on Photo-induced Electron-transfer Reactions between Tris-(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and Various Metal Complex Ions

The electron-transfer quenching of photo-excited 2+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) by 4- and Euaq2+ gives large positive and negative activation volumes (ΔV* +24.7 and -11.0 cm3 mol-1), respectively, whereas quenching by other quenchers having quenching rate constants of >109 mol-1 dm3 s-1 has a negligibly small pressure effect regardless of the charge of quencher.

Kinetics and mechanism of ruthenium (III) - Catalysed oxidation of pyrimidine bases by peroxydiphosphate in aqueous perchloric acid medium

Kinetics and mechanism of Ru(III) - catalysed oxidation of pyrimidine bases by peroxydiphosphate (PDP) have been studied in aqueous perchloric acid medium. The reaction is first order each in [PDP] and [Ru(III)] and the rate is independent of [substrate]. The reaction is insensitive towards changes in acid concentration while the effect of ionic strength is negligible on the rate of oxidation. The reactions have been studied at different temperatures and activation parameters evaluated. A mechanism, involving the two-electron oxidation of Ru(III) by PDP in a slow step, is proposed.