22978-84-3

Basic information

• Product Name: 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1-oxopyrazin-1-ium-4(1H)-olate
• Synonyms: 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine 1,4-dioxide; pyrazine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-, 1,4-dioxide
• CAS NO: 22978-84-3
• Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₂N₂O₂
• Molecular Weight: 168.1931
• Mol File: 22978-84-3.mol
• Article Data: 8

Chemical Properties

• CAS DataBase Reference: 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1-oxopyrazin-1-ium-4(1H)-olate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1-oxopyrazin-1-ium-4(1H)-olate(22978-84-3)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1-oxopyrazin-1-ium-4(1H)-olate(22978-84-3)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 22978-84-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1-oxopyrazin-1-ium-4(1H)-olate, also known as Forskolin, is a chemical compound derived from the roots of the Coleus Forskohlii plant. It is a naturally occurring labdane diterpene, which has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for various purposes. Forskolin is known to activate the enzyme adenylyl cyclase and increase cellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This action leads to a wide range of physiological effects, including relaxation of smooth muscles, increased thyroid function, and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Forskolin has also been studied for its potential in the treatment of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer.

Upstream product

• 24707-22-0 3-(hydroxyamino)butan-2-one oxime 
• 431-03-8 dimethylglyoxal 
• 1124-11-4 Tetramethylpyrazine 
• 88571-68-0 3-hydroxy-2,2,5,6-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydropyrazine 1,4-dioxide 

Relevant articles and documents

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and pharmacokinetic study of novel liguzinediol prodrugs

Liguzinediol (LZDO) ester prodrugs 3-5 were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their potential use in prolonging the half-life of the parent drug LZDO (1a) in vivo. Prodrugs 3-5 were found to display a potent positive inotropic effect on the myocardium, without the risk of arrhythmia. Prodrugs 3-5 rapidly underwent enzymatic hydrolysis to release the parent compound LZDO in 1-3 h in rat liver microsomes and rat plasma. The half-life of the parent compound was prolonged after intragastric administration of prodrug 3, which was found to be a superior prodrug candidate for increasing myocardial contractility.

Pyrazinedioxide-tetracyanoethylene arrays in the solid state new-donor-acceptor interactions for crystal engineering

Ladder and web polymorphic forms of cocrystals of tetramethylpyrazinedioxide (TMPDO) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) are obtained by rapid or slow crystallization, respectively. In the thermodynamically less stable, purple (TMPDO)2TCNE crystals the donor and acceptor building blocks are linked through N+O-···C(alkene) interactions to form one-dimensional ladders (see picture below).

Stabilizing volatile liquid chemicals using co-crystallization

A convenient, effective, and scalable protocol for stabilizing volatile liquid chemicals is reported. Through the use of halogen-bond driven co-crystal synthesis, several examples of liquid iodoperfluoroalkanes are transformed into crystalline materials with low-vapor pressure, considerable thermal stability, and moisture resistance. The target compounds can subsequently be re-generated through simple solvent-extractions.

The urea-hydrogen peroxide complex: Solid-state oxidative protocols for hydroxylated aldehydes and ketones (Dakin reaction), nitriles, sulfides, and nitrogen heterocycles

(equation presented) An efficient solid-state oxidation of organic molecules is described using a stable, inexpensive, and easily handled reagent, the urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct. The generality of the reaction has been demonstrated in oxidation of several molecules, namely hydroxylated aldehydes and ketones (to hydroxylated phenols), sulfides (to sulfoxides and sulfones), nitriles (to amides), and nitrogen heterocycles (to N-oxides).