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InChI:InChI=1/3C18H34O2.Fe/c3*1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h3*9-10H,2-8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;;;+3/p-3/b2*10-9+;10-9-;

Upstream product

• 143-19-1 sodium Oleate 
• 143-18-0 potassium oleate 
• 14024-18-1 iron(III)-acetylacetonate 
• 112-80-1 cis-Octadecenoic acid 
• 7705-08-0 iron(III) chloride 
• 7782-61-8 ferric nitrate 
• 121714-78-1 iron(III) chloride hexahydrate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Size and doping effects on the improvement of the low-temperature magnetic properties of magnetically aligned cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

The macroscopic magnetic behavior of nanoparticulated systems is the result of several contributions, ranging from the intrinsic structural properties of the nanoparticles to their spatial arrangement within the material. Unravelling and understanding these influences is an important task to produce nano-systems with improved properties for specific technological applications. In this work we study how the magnetic behavior of a set of magnetically hard nanoparticles can be improved by the modification of the sample arrangement (either randomly or magnetically oriented) and the nature of the enclosing matrices. At first, we employed a hot-injection, continuous growth strategy to synthesize non-stoichiometric cobalt ferrite (CoxFe3?xO4) nanoparticles. We prepared five batches of hydrophobic, oleate-coated samples, with mean diameters of 8 nm, 12 nm, 16 nm and variable Co-to-Fe proportions. The structural characterization confirms that the nanoparticles have a spinel-type monocrystalline structure and that the Co and Fe ions are homogenously distributed within the system. The magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were measured by DC magnetometry, and we found that the strategy used in this work to create a system of magnetically oriented nanoparticles can lead to a significant remanence and coercive field enhancement at low temperatures when compared with randomly oriented and fixed systems. The modification of the magnetic properties was detected in the five batches of samples, but the strength of the enhancement depends on both size and composition of the nanoparticles. Indeed, for the “hardest” samples the coercive field of the magnetically oriented systems reached values of around 30 kOe (3 T), which represents a 50% increase regarding the randomly oriented system and are among the highest reported to date for a set of Fe and Co oxide nanoparticles.

Oxidation of wüstite rich iron oxide nanoparticles via post-synthesis annealing

When forming magnetic nanoparticles, the decomposition of organo-metallic precursors causes a reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) which leads to the formation of an antiferromagnetic rock salt phase of FeO. The antiferromagnetic phase reduces the nanoparticle magnetization, so a new method of oxidation was developed that can convert FeO rich particles to Fe3O4 particles. Iron oxide nanoparticles with different sizes were synthesized to validate the oxidation method. We demonstrate that iron oxide nanoparticles can be oxidized by post synthesis annealing without addition of oxidizing agents. The oxidized particles were measured with XRD, VSM and AC calorimetry to show the effective oxidation by comparing to the as prepared sample. The resulting 20 nm oxidized particles have a saturation magnetization of 72 Am2/kg at 300 K and a specific absorption rate of 181 W/g under a 212 kHz, 33 mT AC field.

Probing the Consequences of Cubic Particle Shape and Applied Field on Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA

In a magnetic field, cubic Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit assembly behavior that is a consequence of a competition between magnetic dipole–dipole and ligand interactions. In most cases, the interactions between short hydrophobic ligands dominate and dictate assembly outcome. To better tune the face-to-face interactions, cubic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were functionalized with DNA. Their assembly behaviors were investigated both with and without an applied magnetic field. Upon application of a field, the tilted orientation of cubes, enabled by the flexible DNA ligand shell, led to an unexpected crystallographic alignment of the entire superlattice, as opposed to just the individual particles, along the field direction as revealed by small and wide-angle X-ray scattering. This observation is dependent upon DNA length and sequence and cube dimensions. Taken together, these studies show how combining physical and chemical control can expand the possibilities of crystal engineering with DNA.

Synthesis of 2-deoxy-d-glucose coated Fe3O4nanoparticles for application in targeted delivery of the Pt(iv) prodrug of cisplatin-a novel approach in chemotherapy

A water soluble Pt(iv) prodrug of cisplatin was synthesized by oxidation of cisplatin followed by treatment with succinic anhydride to achieve easily reducible ester linkage at axial positions which was evidenced from cyclic voltammetric analyses. Because of this modification the Pt(iv) prodrug achieved better physicochemical and pharmacological properties like water solubility and reduced toxicity for normal (non-cancerous) CHO cells respectively, as compared to cisplatin. Later, this Pt(iv) prodrug was loaded on 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) functionalized over silica coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to achieve the desired formulation. It exhibited potency as evidenced from the cytotoxicity evaluation against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines (IC50 ～ 14 μM). This encouraged us to further study the percentage viability, apoptosis and cell death evaluations on MCF-7, Colo-205 and CHO cells by flow cytometry. The cytotoxic potency of the formulation towards cancer cells, Colo-205 and MCF-7 (22-30% apoptosis), was revealed while the parent formulation was non-toxic to non-cancerous, CHO cell lines (3% apoptosis) as compared to cisplatin. It revealed that the formulation is comparable to cisplatin in its cell killing efficiency. Additionally the FITC labeled MNPs coated with 2DG exhibited efficient cell uptake and fast internalization (within 3 h) accumulating mainly in the cytoplasm and at the cell surface. Besides this, the formulation exhibited heating efficacy suggesting its possible application for hyperthermia treatment also. These results indicate the possible utility of the formulation for site specific delivery of the Pt(iv) prodrug of cisplatin. This journal is

Multimodal therapies: Glucose oxidase-triggered tumor starvation-induced synergism with enhanced chemodynamic therapy and chemotherapy

A tumor microenvironment is distinct from normal tissue cells in characteristic physiochemical conditions, based on which we can design tumor-specific therapy modalities. Herein, we introduce a concept of multimodal therapies, which integrates the characteristics of each therapy modality for efficient tumor therapy: tumor starvation-triggered synergism with enhanced chemodynamic therapy and activated chemotherapy. Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fenton reaction catalysts) and a hypoxic prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) were loaded in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and GOX was grafted onto its surface, which was designed and fabricated for sequential multimodal therapies. Logically, glucose oxidase (GOX) deprived tumor cells of nutrients (glucose and oxygen) for starvation therapy and tumorous abnormality amplifications (elevated acidity, exacerbated hypoxia, and increased H2O2) were amplified by the GOX-driven oxidation reaction simultaneously. Specifically, elevated acidity could accelerate the release of iron ions and enhanced Fenton reaction efficiency. Associated with increased H2O2, an elevated ROS level was detected, which enhanced the chemodynamic therapy. Exacerbated hypoxia activated the hypoxic prodrug TPZ for tumor-specific chemotherapy programmatically. Particularly, via integrating starvation therapy, enhanced chemodynamic therapy, and activated chemotherapy, the sequential multimodal therapies were specifically designed for the tumor microenvironment and achieved effective abnormality amplifications and high therapeutic efficacy.

Application of iron oxide nanoparticles in inhibiting monocyte activation

The invention relates to an application of iron oxide nanopaticles in inhibiting monocyte activation. The iron oxide nanoparticles include iron oxide nanoscale squares or iron oxide nanospheres and can inhibit the secretion of cytokines by monocytes.

Non-peptidic guanidinium-functionalized silica nanoparticles as selective mitochondria-targeting drug nanocarriers

We report on the design and fabrication of a Fe3O4 core-mesoporous silica nanoparticle shell (Fe3O4@MSNs)-based mitochondria-targeting drug nanocarrier. A guanidinium derivative (GA) was conjugated onto the Fe3O4@MSNs as the mitochondria-targeting ligand. The fabrication of the Fe3O4@MSNs and their functionalization with GA were carried out by the sol-gel polymerization of alkoxysilane groups. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer drug, was loaded into the pores of a GA-attached Fe3O4@MSNs due to both its anti-cancer properties and to allow for the fluorescent visualization of the nanocarriers. The selective and efficient mitochondria-targeting ability of a DOX-loaded GA-Fe3O4@MSNs (DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs) was demonstrated by a co-localization study, transmission electron microscopy, and a fluorometric analysis on isolated mitochondria. It was found that the DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs selectively accumulated into mitochondria within only five minutes; to the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest accumulation time reported for mitochondria targeting systems. Moreover, 2.6 times higher amount of DOX was accumulated in mitochondria by DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs than by DOX/TPP-Fe3O4@MSNs. A cell viability assay indicated that the DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs have high cytotoxicity to cancer cells, whereas the GA-Fe3O4@MSNs without DOX are non-cytotoxic; this indicates that the DOX/GA-Fe3O4@MSNs have great potential for use as biocompatible and effective mitochondria-targeting nanocarriers for cancer therapy.

The synthesis of LA-Fe3O4@PDA-PEG-DOX for photothermal therapy-chemotherapy

A facile methodology is presented to construct a multifunctional nanocomposite that integrates photothermal therapy and specific drug release into a single nanostructure. Firstly, magnetic Fe3O4@polydopamine core-shell nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA) were synthesized via a reversed-phase microemulsion approach. By varying the amount of DA, Fe3O4@PDA with a particle size of 28-38 nm can be obtained. To further ensure the monodispersity, biocompatibility and specific uptake, PEG and lactobionic acid (LA) were grafted onto Fe3O4@PDA (LA-Fe3O4@PDA-PEG), whose fast photothermal conversion is derived by the combination of Fe3O4 and PDA with high near infrared (NIR) absorption. Then, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was adopted as the typical anticancer drug, which was loaded onto LA-Fe3O4@PDA-PEG via electrostatic and π-π stacking interaction. The release kinetics investigation further demonstrated the acid/heat-triggered DOX release. HepG2 cells (hepatocellular cell line) were used as the target cancer cells, and the fast uptake was due to the nanoparticle size and abundant asialoglycoprotein receptors on HepG2 cells. Besides, an external magnetic field also can improve the uptake, especially when the magnet is placed at the bottom of the cell disk. The enhanced specific cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells was also ascribed to the synergistic effect of chemo- and photothermal therapy. Based on the novel properties, the LA-Fe3O4@PDA-PEG-DOX nanocomposite showed its potential application in hepatocyte therapy.

Shape-controlled magnetic nanoparticles as T1 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging

Methods are provided for the generation of nanostructures suitable for use in magnetic resonance imaging where the nanostructures have at least one dimension of about 2 nm or less. In particular, the methods comprise the selective use of incubation temperatures that result in the controlled removal of ligands from metallic cores to which they are attached, allowing the metallic cores or the precursor moieties to unite to form nanostructures of defined and predictable shapes, but having at least one dimension significantly less that at least one other dimension. Accordingly, the nanostructures of the disclosure may be ultrathin sheets, rods, whiskers and the like, or even structures that are thin and porous resembling rice grains. The temperatures useful in the methods of the disclosure are less than 300° C. and allow for progressive elevation of the incubation temperature. The methods are especially advantageous for synthesizing nanoparticles that may be administered to an animal or human subject for imaging with magnetic resonance. Accordingly, the nanostructures of the disclosure comprise a metallic core, most typically, but not necessarily limited to, a ferrite moiety that can be a ferrous or ferric ion alone or in combination with other metallic elements. However, the methods of the disclosure are also suitable for generating nanostructures with non-ferrous cores such as magnesium or manganese cores.

Photothermal effectiveness of magnetite nanoparticles: Dependence upon particle size probed by experiment and simulation

The photothermal effect of nanoparticles has proven efficient for driving diverse physical and chemical processes; however, we know of no study addressing the dependence of efficacy on nanoparticle size. Herein, we report on the photothermal effect of three different sizes (5.5 nm, 10 nm and 15 nm in diameter) of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) driving the decomposition of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC). We find that the chemical effectiveness of the photothermal effect is positively correlated with particle volume. Numerical simulations of the photothermal heating of PPC supports this observation, showing that larger particles are able to heat larger volumes of PPC for longer periods of time. The increased heating duration is likely due to increased heat capacity, which is why the volume of the particle functions as a ready guide for the photothermal efficacy.