24389-49-9

Upstream product

• 123-08-0 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde 
• 19278-81-0 4-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-3(2H)-one 
• 444711-04-0 2-bromo-1-(2,6-diacetoxy-phenyl)-ethanone 
• 144152-28-3 2,6-diacetoxyacetophenone 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Investigation of binding-site homology between mushroom and bacterial tyrosinases by using aurones as effectors

Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme found in plants and bacteria, as well as in humans, where it is involved in the biosynthesis of melanin-type pigments. Tyrosinase inhibitors have attracted remarkable research interest as whitening agents in cosmetology, antibrowning agents in food chemistry, and as therapeutics. In this context, commercially available tyrosinase from mushroom (TyM) is frequently used for the identification of inhibitors. This and bacterial tyrosinase (TyB) have been the subjects of intense biochemical and structural studies, including X-ray diffraction analysis, and this has led to the identification of structural homology and divergence among enzymes from different sources. To better understand the behavior of potential inhibitors of TyM and TyB, we selected the aurone family - previously identified as potential inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis in human melanocytes. In this study, a series of 24 aurones with different hydroxylation patterns at the A- and B-rings were evaluated on TyM and TyB. The results show that, depending on the hydroxylation pattern of A- and B-rings, aurones can behave as inhibitors, substrates, and activators of both enzymes. Computational analysis was performed to identify residues surrounding the aurones in the active sites of both enzymes and to rationalize the interactions. Our results highlight similarities and divergence in the behavior of TyM and TyB toward the same set of molecules. A lighter future: Aurones have been identified as inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis. In this study, 24 aurones were evaluated on mushroom and bacterial tyrosinases (TyM and TyB). The compounds behaved as inhibitors, substrates, or activators of both enzymes. Our results highlight similarities and differences in behavior between TyM and TyB with the same set of molecules.

Discovery of benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-one (aurones) as inhibitors of tyrosinase derived from human melanocytes

Tyrosinase is a copper-dependent enzyme which converts L- tyrosine to dopaquinone and is involved in different biological processes such as melanogenesis and skin hyperpigmentation. The purpose of this study was to investigate naturally occurring aurones (Z-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-one) and analogues as human tyrosinase inhibitors. Several aurones bearing hydroxyl groups on A-ring and different substituents on B-ring were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human melanocyte-tyrosinase by an assay which measures tyrosinase-catalyzed L-Dopa oxidation. We found that unsubstituted aurones were weak inhibitors; however, derivatives with two or three hydroxyl groups preferably at 4,6 and 4′ positions are able to induce significant tyrosinase inhibition. The most potent aurone was found to be the naturally occurring 4,6,4′-trihydroxyaurone which induces 75% inhibition at 0.1 mM concentration and is highly effective when compared to kojic acid, one of the best tyrosinase inhibitors known so far (the latter is completely inactive at such concentrations). Active aurones are devoid of toxic effects as shown by in vivo studies.

A method of cosmetic depigmentation care by applying at least one aurone

At least one aurone or a natural or synthetic derivative of aurone, or an analogue of aurone, in which the independent phenyl ring can be substituted by a heterocycle of pyrrole, imidazole, triazole, pyridine, furan, or thiophene type, is disclosed as a cosmetic agent, or as an active substance, for the manufacture either of a cosmetic composition, or of a pharmaceutical composition, notably a dermatological composition, having a melanogenesis-inhibiting activity or a depigmenting activity, or an anti-tyrosinase activity.