24533-49-1

Upstream product

• 84002-51-7 2,4-Dimethoxy-1-[(E)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-allyl]-benzene 
• 613-45-6 2,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 
• 100-06-1 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone 

Downstream Products

• 110049-03-1 2-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-butyric acid 
• 83616-07-3 trans-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 
• 111798-07-3 2-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-butyric acid methyl ester 
• 109614-78-0 2-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-butyronitrile 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Hydroxychalcone inhibitors of Streptococcus mutans glucosyl transferases and biofilms as potential anticaries agents

Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as the major etiological agent in the initiation and the development of dental caries due to its robust capacity to form tenacious biofilms. Ideal therapeutics for this disease will aim to selectively inhibit the biofilm formation process while preserving the natural bacterial flora of the mouth. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacies of flavonols on S. mutans biofilms and have suggested the mechanism of action through their effect on S. mutans glucosyltransferases (Gtfs). These enzymes metabolize sucrose into water insoluble and soluble glucans, which are an integral measure of the dental caries pathogenesis. Numerous studies have shown that flavonols and polyphenols can inhibit Gtf and biofilm formation at millimolar concentrations. We have screened a group of 14 hydroxychalcones, synthetic precursors of flavonols, in an S. mutans biofilm assay. Several of these compounds emerged to be biofilm inhibitors at low micro-molar concentrations. Chalcones that contained a 3-OH group on ring A exhibited selectivity for biofilm inhibition. Moreover, we synthesized 6 additional analogs of the lead compound and evaluated their potential activity and selectivity against S. mutans biofilms. The most active compound identified from these studies had an IC50value of 44?μM against biofilm and MIC50value of 468?μM against growth displaying >10-fold selectivity inhibition towards biofilm. The lead compound displayed a dose dependent inhibition of S. mutans Gtfs. The lead compound also did not affect the growth of two commensal species (Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii) at least up to 200?μM, indicating that it can selectively inhibit cariogenic biofilms, while leaving commensal and/or beneficial microbes intact. Thus non-toxic compounds have the potential utility in public oral health regimes.

Chalcones as positive allosteric modulators of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A new target for a privileged structure

The α7 acetylcholine nicotine receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel that is involved in cognition disorders, schizophrenia, pain and inflammation among other diseases. Therefore, the development of new agents that target this receptor has great significance. Positive allosteric modulators might be advantageous, since they facilitate receptor responses without directly interacting with the agonist binding site. Here we report the search for and further design of new positive allosteric modulators having the relatively simple chalcone structure. From the natural product isoliquiritigenin as starting point, chalcones substituted with hydroxyl groups at defined locations were identified as optimal and specific promoters of α77 nicotinic function. The most potent compound (2,4,2-2,5-2-tetrahydroxychalcone, 111) was further characterized showing its potential as neuroprotective, analgesic and cognitive enhancer, opening the way for future developments around the chalcone structure.

Solution-phase parallel synthesis of substituted chalcones and their antiparasitary activity against Giardia lamblia

A library of 25-membered chalcones was prepared by parallel synthesis. Substituted acetophenones and benzaldehydes were condensed using the Claisen-Schmidt base-catalyzed aldol condensation. Several chalcones showed in vitro antiparasitic activity against Giardia lamblia. The highest activity observed for the IC50 values were 12.72, 15.05 and 15.31 μg/mL, respectively; these are potential leads for the development of antigiardial compounds.

Antimalarial alkoxylated and hydroxylated chalones: Structure-activity relationship analysis

Chalcones with 2′,3′,4′-trimethoxy, 2′,4′-dimethoxy, 4′-methoxy, 4′-ethoxy, 2′,4′-dihydroxy, and 4′-hydroxy groups on ring B were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum (K1) in a [3H] hypoxanthine uptake assay. The other ring A was quinoline, pyridine, naphthalene, or phenyl rings with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents of varying lipophilicities. Trimethoxy 6 and 27, dimethoxy 7, 8, 29, and methoxy 31 analogues had good in vitro activities (IC50 5μM). 3-Quinolinyl ring A derivatives were well represented among the active compounds. Hydroxylated chalcones were less active than the corresponding alkoxylated analogues. When evaluated in vivo, 8 and 208 were comparable to chloroquine in extending the lifespan of infected mice. Multivariate data analysis showed that in vitro activity was mainly determined by the properties of ring B. Quantitative structure - activity relationship models with satisfactory predictive ability were obtained for various B ring chalcones using projections to latent structures. A model with good predictability was proposed for 19 active chalcones. Size and hydrophobicity were identified as critical parameters.

Structure-activity relationships in a series of orally active γ- hydroxy butenolide endothelin antagonists

The design of potent and selective non-peptide antagonists of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its related isopeptides are important tools defining the role of ET in human diseases. In this report we will describe the detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies that led to the discovery of a potent series of butenolide ET(A) selective antagonists. Starting from a micromolar screening hit, PD012527, use of Topliss decision tree analysis led to the discovery of the nanomolar ET(A) selective antagonist PD155080. Further structural modifications around the butenolide ring led directly to the subnanomolar ET(A) selective antagonist PD156707, IC50's = 0.3 (ET(A)) and 780 nM (ET(B)). This series of compounds exhibited functional activity exemplified by PD156707. This derivative inhibited the ET(A) receptor mediated release of arachidonic acid from rabbit renal artery vascular smooth muscle cells with an IC50 = 1.1 nM and also inhibited the ET-1 induced contraction of rabbit femoral artery rings (ET(A) mediated) with a pA2 = 7.6. PD156707 also displayed in vivo functional activity inhibiting the hemodynamic responses due to exogenous administration of ET-1 in rats in a dose dependent fashion. Evidence for the pH dependence of the open and closed tautomerization forms of PD156707 was demonstrated by an NMR study. X- ray crystallographic analysis of the closed butenolide form of PD156707 shows the benzylic group located on the same side of the butenolide ring as the γ- hydroxyl and the remaining two phenyl groups on the butenolide ring essentially orthogonal to the butenolide ring. Pharmacokinetic parameters for PD156707 in dogs are also presented.

A VERSATILE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF XENOGNOSIN

Xenognosin, 4, the first identified host recognition substance for parasitic angiosperms has been synthesized by a route efficient for the preparation of several structural analoques.