24626-27-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Photocatalyzed Diastereoselective Isomerization of Cinnamyl Chlorides to Cyclopropanes
Dykstra, Ryan,Gutierrez, Osvaldo,Martin, Robert T.,Tambar, Uttam K.,Troian-Gautier, Ludovic,Xu, Bin
supporting information, p. 6206 - 6215 (2020/04/27)
Endergonic isomerizations are thermodynamically unfavored processes that are difficult to realize under thermal conditions. We report a photocatalytic and diastereoselective isomerization of acyclic cinnamyl chlorides to strained cyclopropanes. Quantum mechanical calculations (uM06-2X and DLPNO), including TD-DFT calculations, and experimental studies provide evidence for the energy transfer from an iridium photocatalyst to the allylic chloride substrate followed by C-Cl homolytic cleavage. Subsequent Cla¢ radical migration forms a localized triplet 1,3-diradical intermediate that, after intersystem crossing, undergoes ring-closing to form the desired product. The mild reaction conditions are compatible with a broad range of functional groups to generate chlorocyclopropanes in high yields and diastereoselectivities. A more efficient process is developed by addition of a catalytic amount of a nickel complex, and we propose a novel role for this cocatalyst to recycle an allyl chloride byproduct generated in the course of the reaction. The reaction is also shown to be stereoconvergent, as an E/Z mixture of cinnamyl chlorides furnish the anti-chlorocyclopropane product in high diastereoselectivity. We anticipate that the use of a visible light activated photocatalyst to transform substrates in combination with a transition metal catalyst to recycle byproducts back into the catalytic cycle will provide unique opportunities for the discovery of new reactivity.
Catalytic Generation and Chemoselective Transfer of Nucleophilic Hydrides from Dihydrogen
Pape, Felix,Brechmann, Lea T.,Teichert, Johannes F.
supporting information, p. 985 - 988 (2019/01/04)
Copper(I)–N-heterocyclic-carbene (NHC) complexes enabled the catalytic generation of nucleophilic hydrides from dihydrogen (H2) and their subsequent transfer to allylic chlorides. The highly chemoselective catalyst displayed no concomitant hydrogenation reactivity; in fact, the terminal double bond formed in the hydride transfer remained intact. Switching to deuterium gas (D2) allowed for regioselective monodeuteration with excellent isotope incorporation.
Rhodium(ii)-catalyzed intramolecular formal [4 + 3] cycloadditions of dienyltriazoles: Rapid access to fused 2,5-dihydroazepines
Tian, Yu,Wang, Yuanhao,Shang, Hai,Xu, Xudong,Tang, Yefeng
supporting information, p. 612 - 619 (2015/02/05)
Rhodium(ii)-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 3] cycloadditions of dienyltriazoles have been developed, which enable the efficient synthesis of various fused 2,5-dihydroazepines. Mechanistically, the titled reaction proceeds via an interesting tandem cyclopropanation/aza-cope rearrangement.
Physical properties and excellent thermal stability microporous polyolefin film temp.
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, (2007/10/15)
The present invention relates to a microporous polyolefin film suitable as a separator for batteries and thermal properties thereof. A microporous polyolefin film according to the present invention has a film thickness of 5-40 μm, a porosity of 30%-60%, a permeability of 2.0x10 -5 -8.0x10 -5 Darcy, a maximum pore size determined by the bubble point method of not more than 0.1 μm, a puncture strength of 0.20 N/μm or more at room temperature and 0.05 N/μm or more at 120°C, and a maximum shrinkage ratio in the transverse direction (TD) when subjected to a thickness-normalized external force in TMA (thermo-mechanical analysis) of not more than 0%. With excellent thermal stability at high temperature as well as superior puncture strength and gas permeability, the microporous polyolefin film according to the present invention is suitable for high-capacity,and high-power batteries.
Direct conversion of aldehydes and ketones to allylic halides by a NbX 5-[3,3] rearrangement
Fleming, Fraser F.,Ravikumar,Yao, Lihua
experimental part, p. 1077 - 1080 (2009/09/29)
Sequential addition of vinylmagnesium bromide and NbCl5, or NbBr5, to a series of aldehydes and ketones directly provides homologated, allylic halides. Transposition of the intermediate vinyl alkoxide is envisaged through a metalo-halo-[3,3] rearrangement with concomitant delivery of the halogen to the terminal carbon. The [3,3] rearrangement is equally effective for the conversion of a propargyllic alcohol to the corresponding allenyl bromide. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Allylic and allenic halide synthesis via NbCl5- and NbBr 5-mediated alkoxide rearrangements
Ravikumar,Yao, Lihua,Fleming, Fraser F.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 7294 - 7299 (2010/01/16)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Addition of NbCl5 or NbBr 5 to a series of magnesium, lithium, or potassium allylic or propargylic alkoxides directly provides allylic or allenic halides. Halogenation formally occurs through a metallahalo-[3,3] rearrangement, although concerted, ionic, and direct displacement mechanisms appear to operate competitively. Transposition of the olefin is equally effective for allylic alkoxides prepared by nucleophilic addition, deprotonation, or reduction. Experimentally, the niobium pentahalide halogenations are rapid, afford essentially pure (E)-allylic or -allenic halides after extraction, and are applicable to a range of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. 2009 American Chemical Society.
Synthesis of novel diazatricyclodecanes (DTDs). Effects of structural variation at the C3′ allyl end and at the phenyl ring of the cinnamyl chain on μ-receptor affinity and opioid antinociception
Pinna, Gerard Aime,Cignarella, Giorgio,Ruiu, Stefania,Loriga, Giovanni,Murineddu, Gabriele,Villa, Stefania,Grella, Giuseppe Enrico,Cossu, Gregorio,Fratta, Walter
, p. 4015 - 4026 (2007/10/03)
Two series of analogues of 9-propionyl-10-cinnamyl-9,10-diazatricyclo[4.2.1.12,5]decane (1a) and 2-propionyl-7-cinnamyl-2,7-diazatricyclo[4.4.0.03,8]decane (2a), in which the cinnamyl moiety was replaced by various aralkenyl chains,
N-3(9)-arylpropenyl-N-9(3)-propionyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes as μ-opioid receptor agonists. Effects on μ-affinity of arylalkenyl chain modifications
Pinna, Gérard A.,Cignarella, Giorgio,Loriga, Giovanni,Murineddu, Gabriele,Mussinu, Jean-Mario,Ruiu, Stefania,Fadda, Paola,Fratta, Walter
, p. 1929 - 1937 (2007/10/03)
Two series of N-3-arylpropenyl-N-9-propionyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (1b-j) and of the reverted N-3-propionyl-N-9-arylpropenyl isomers (2b-j) as analogues of the previously reported analgesic N-3(9)-cinnamyl-N-9(3)-propionyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (DBN) (1a, 2a) were synthesised and their affinity and selectivity towards opioid μ-, δ- and κ-receptors were evaluated. Several compounds (1e,i,j-2d,e,f,g,j) exhibited a μ-affinity in the low nanomolar range with moderate or negligible affinity towards δ- and κ-receptors. The representative term N-9-(3,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl)-N-3-propionyl-DBN (2d) displayed in vivo (mouse) a potent analgesic effect (ED50 3.88 mg/kg ip) which favourably compared with that of morphine (ED50 5 mg/kg ip). In addition, 2d produced in mice tolerance after a period twice as long with morphine.
Triphenylamine derivative, charge-transporting material comprising the same, and electrophotographic photoreceptor
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, (2008/06/13)
A triphenylamine derivative, represented by the following general formula (1): STR1 wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 each represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom or an aryl group which may have a substituent group; and m and n each represents 0 or 1.
Phenothiazine or phenoxazine derivative, charge-transporting material comprising the same, and electrophotographic photoreceptor
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, (2008/06/13)
A phenothiazine or phenoxazine derivative represented by the following general formula (1), a charge-transporting material comprising the derivative, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the charge-transporting material are disclosed. The charge-transporting material has good solubility in binder polymers, satisfactory sensitivity, and a low residual potential In general formula (1) Ar1 and Ar2 may be the same or different and each represents an optionally substituted aryl group; R1 and R2 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aryl group; R3 represents a lower alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl group, or an optionally substituted aralkyl group; X represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom; and n and m each represents an integer of 0 or 1.
