2507-55-3

Usage

Uses

Used in Cosmetics Industry:
2-HYDROXYTETRADECANOIC ACID is used as an ingredient in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties, which help improve the skin's texture and appearance.
Used in Skin Treatments:
In the skincare industry, 2-HYDROXYTETRADECANOIC ACID is used as an active ingredient for its potential benefits in promoting skin health and addressing various skin concerns.
Used in Hair Preparations:
2-HYDROXYTETRADECANOIC ACID is used as a component in hair care products to provide conditioning, shine, and manageability to the hair, making it an essential ingredient in hair treatments and styling products.

Purification Methods

Crystallise the acid from chloroform or twice from MeOH (m 85.8-86.6o) [Horn & Pretorious J Chem Soc 1463 1954, Chibnall et al. Biochem J 30 1034 1963, Beilstein 3 H 361, 3 I 130, 3 II 246

InChI:InChI=1/C14H28O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13(15)14(16)17/h13,15H,2-12H2,1H3,(H,16,17)/t13-/m0/s1

Upstream product

• 107184-54-3 (+/-)-methyl-3-benzoylthio-2-methylpropionate 
• 74431-50-8 (D)-3-(Benzoylthio)-2-methylpropanoic acid 
• 53411-22-6 2-bromotetradecanoic acid chloride 
• 544-63-8 n-tetradecanoic acid 
• 112-64-1 tetradecanoyl chloride 
• 124-06-1 Ethyl myristate 
• 260055-57-0 2-acetoxy-tetradecanoic acid ethyl ester 
• 53705-91-2 2-propyl-tetradecanoic acid 

Downstream Products

• 10486-19-8 tridecanal 
• 638-53-9 tridecanoic acid 
• 193957-70-9 benzyl-2-hydroxytetradecanoate 
• 56009-40-6 (R)-methyl 2-hydroxytetradecanoate 
• 153062-86-3 (R)-tetradecane-1,2-diol 
• 260055-56-9 2-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-tetradecanoic acid benzyl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

P450Jα: A New, Robust and α-Selective Fatty Acid Hydroxylase Displaying Unexpected 1-Alkene Formation

Oxyfunctionalization of fatty acids (FAs) is a key step in the design of novel synthetic pathways for biobased/biodegradable polymers, surfactants and fuels. Here, we show the isolation and characterization of a robust FA α-hydroxylase (P450Jα) which catalyses the selective conversion of a broad range of FAs (C6:0-C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) with H2O2 as oxidant. Under optimized reaction conditions P450Jα yields α-hydroxy acids all with >95 % regioselectivity, high specific activity (up to 15.2 U mg?1) and efficient coupling of oxidant to product (up to 85 %). Lauric acid (C12:0) turned out to be an excellent substrate with respect to productivity (TON=394 min?1). On preparative scale, conversion of C12:0 reached 83 % (0.9 g L?1) when supplementing H2O2 in fed-batch mode. Under similar conditions P450Jα allowed further the first biocatalytic α-hydroxylation of oleic acid (88 % conversion on 100 mL scale) at high selectivity and in good yields (1.1 g L?1; 79 % isolated yield). Unexpectedly, P450Jα displayed also 1-alkene formation from shorter chain FAs (≤C10:0) showing that oxidative decarboxylation is more widely distributed across this enzyme family than reported previously.

Preparative Asymmetric Synthesis of Canonical and Non-canonical α-amino Acids Through Formal Enantioselective Biocatalytic Amination of Carboxylic Acids

Chemical and biocatalytic synthesis of non-canonical α-amino acids (ncAAs) from renewable feedstocks and using mild reaction conditions has not efficiently been solved. Here, we show the development of a three-step, scalable and modular one-pot biocascade for linear conversion of renewable fatty acids (FAs) into enantiopure l-α-amino acids. In module 1, selective α-hydroxylation of FAs is catalyzed by the P450 peroxygenase P450CLA. By using an automated H2O2 supplementation system, efficient conversion (46 to >99%; TTN>3300) of a broad range of FAs (C6:0 to C16:0) into valuable α-hydroxy acids (α-HAs; >90% α-selective) is shown on preparative scale (up to 2.3 g L?1 isolated product). In module 2, a redox-neutral hydrogen borrowing cascade (alcohol dehydrogenase/amino acid dehydrogenase) allowed further conversion of α-HAs into l-α-AAs (20 to 99%). Enantiopure l-α-AAs (e.e. >99%) including the pharma synthon l-homo-phenylalanine can be obtained at product titers of up to 2.5 g L?1. Based on renewables and excellent atom economy, this biocascade is among the shortest and greenest synthetic routes to structurally diverse and industrially relevant ncAAs. (Figure presented.).

Preparative Asymmetric Synthesis of Canonical and Non-canonical a-amino Acids through Formal Enantioselective Biocatalytic Amination of Carboxylic Acids

Chemical and biocatalytic synthesis of non-canonical a-amino acids (ncAAs) from renewable feedstocks and using mild reaction conditions has not efficiently been solved. Here, we show the development of a three-step, scalable and modular one-pot biocascade for linear conversion of renewable fatty acids (FAs) into enantiopure l-a-amino acids. In module 1, selective a-hydroxylation of FAs is catalyzed by the P450 peroxygenase P450CLA. By using an automated H2O2 supplementation system, efficient conversion (46 to >99%; TTN>3300) of a broad range of FAs (C6:0 to C16:0) into valuable a-hydroxy acids (a-HAs; >90% a-selective) is shown on preparative scale (up to 2.3 gL1 isolated product). In module 2, a redox-neutral hydrogen borrowing cascade (alcohol dehydrogenase/amino acid dehydrogenase) allowed further conversion of a-HAs into l-a-AAs (20 to 99%). Enantiopure l-a-AAs (e.e. >99%) including the pharma synthon l-homo-phenylalanine can be obtained at product titers of up to 2.5 gL1. Based on renewables and excellent atom economy, this biocascade is among the shortest and greenest synthetic routes to structurally diverse and industrially relevant ncAAs.

α-Oxidative decarboxylation of fatty acids catalysed by cytochrome P450 peroxygenases yielding shorter-alkyl-chain fatty acids

Cytochrome P450 peroxygenases belonging to the CYP152 family catalyse the oxidation of fatty acids using H2O2. CYP152N1 isolated from Exiguobacterium sp. AT1b exclusively catalyses the α-selective hydroxylation of myristic acid at physiological H2O2 concentration. However, a series of shorter-alkyl-chain fatty acids such as tridecanoic acid were produced from myristic acid by increasing the concentration of H2O2 (1-10 mM). The yield of tridecanoic acid from myristic acid reached 17%. An 18O-labeled oxidant study suggested that CYP152N1 catalysed the overoxidation of α-hydroxymyristic acid to form α-ketomyristic acid, which in turn was spontaneously decomposed by H2O2 to yield tridecanoic acid. Crystal structure analysis of CYP152N1 revealed its high similarity to other CYP152 family enzymes, such as CYP152A1 and CYP152B1. MD simulations of α-hydroxymyristic acid accommodated in CYP152N1 proposed a possible pre-oxidation conformation of α-hydroxymyristic acid for the decarboxylation reaction.

In situ formation of H2O2 for P450 peroxygenases

An in situ H2O2 generation approach to promote P450 peroxygenases catalysis was developed through the use of the nicotinamide cofactor analogue 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Final productivity could be enhanced due to higher enzyme stability at low H2O2 concentrations. The H2O2 generation represented the rate-limiting step, however it could be easily controlled by varying both FMN and BNAH concentrations. Further characterization can result in an optimized ratio of FMN/BNAH/O2/biocatalyst enabling high reaction rates while minimizing H2O2-related inactivation of the enzyme.

Crystal structure of H2O2-dependent cytochrome P450SPαwith its bound fatty acid substrate: Insight into the regioselective hydroxylation of fatty acids at the α position

Cytochrome P450SPα (CYP152B1) isolated from Sphingomonas paucimobilis is the first P450 to be classified as a 2O 2-dependent P450. P450SPα hydroxylates fatty acids with high α-regioselectivity. Herein we report the crystal structure of P450SPαwith palmitic acid as a substrate at a resolution of 1.65 A. The structure revealed that the Cα of the bound palmitic acid in one of the alternative conformations is 4.5 A from the heme iron. This conformation explains the highly selective α-hydroxylation of fatty acid observed in P450SPα. Mutations at the active site and the F-G loop of P450SPα did not impair its regioselectivity. The crystal structures of mutants (L78F and F288G) revealed that the location of the bound palmitic acid was essentially the same as that in the WT, although amino acids at the active site were replaced with the corresponding amino acids of cytochrome P450BSβ (CYP152A1), which shows β-regioselectivity. This implies that the high regioselectivity of P450SPα is caused by the orientation of the hydrophobic channel, which is more perpendicular to the heme plane than that of P450 BSβ.

Nanohybrids composed of quantum dots and cytochrome P450 as photocatalysts

(Chemical Equation Presented) Synthesis with light: CdS quantum dots (QDs) generate superoxide and hydroxyl radicals upon UV irradiation in aqueous solution. The radicals are used for activating P450BSβ enzymes attached at the QD surface, effecting the catalytic transformation of myristic acid into α- and β-hydroxymyristic acid (see picture, R = (CH 2)10CH3).

Personal care compositions comprising solid particles enterapped in a gel network

The present invention relates to a personal care composition comprising a three dimensional gel polymeric network comprising: a. a polymer; b. one or more solid particles that are entrapped within said polymer during polymerization of said polymer; and c. a solvent in which said polymer is dispersed. Another embodiment further includes at least one second colorant that is substantially similar to an at least one first colorant which is a solid particle and wherein said second colorant is dispersed within said composition but is not entrapped in said polymer and is separate and distinct from said network. In contrast, a third embodiment allows for the at least one second colorant to be substantially different from the at least one first colorant.

COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A SILOXANE ELASTOMER

A skin treatment composition is provided which includes a crosslinked non-emulsifying siloxane elastomer, a volatile siloxane and at least 50% by weight of water. Inclusion of the elastomer provides a unique liquid/powdery feel when rubbed into the skin.