2564-35-4

Usage

Uses

Used in Biological Research:
2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphoric acid, disodium is used as a research compound for studying DNA replication, mutation, and cellular function. It is essential in understanding the mechanisms of DNA synthesis and repair, as well as the role of deoxyribonucleotides in these processes.
Used in Medicine:
In the medical field, 2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphoric acid, disodium is used as a component in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications. It is involved in the development of new drugs and treatments that target DNA replication and repair mechanisms, potentially leading to advancements in the treatment of genetic disorders and cancer.
Used in Biochemistry:
2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphoric acid, disodium is used as a reagent in biochemical experiments and assays. It is employed in the synthesis of DNA and RNA molecules, as well as in the study of enzyme activities and interactions that are crucial for the proper functioning of cellular processes.
Used in DNA Sequencing:
In the field of DNA sequencing, 2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphoric acid, disodium is used as a building block for the construction of DNA strands. It is essential in the development of new sequencing technologies and methods that aim to improve the accuracy and efficiency of DNA analysis.
Used in Drug Development:
2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphoric acid, disodium is used in the development of new drugs that target DNA replication and repair mechanisms. It is employed in the design and synthesis of potential therapeutic agents that could be used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders.

Upstream product

• 902-04-5 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate 
• 58-64-0 adenosine 5'-diphosphate 
• 56-65-5 ATP 
• 3493-09-2 5′-deoxyguanosine diphosphate 
• 961-07-9 2'-Deoxyguanosine 

Downstream Products

• 139307-94-1 2'-deoxy-7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanosine-5'-triphosphate 
• 38168-82-0 glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate 
• 902-04-5 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Anabolism of amdoxovir: Phosphorylation of dioxolane guanosine and its 5′-phosphates by mammalian phosphotransferases

Amdoxovir [(-)-β-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane, DAPD], the prodrug of dioxolane guanosine (DXG), is currently in Phase I/II clinical development for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. In this study, we examined the phosphorylation pathway of DXG using 15 purified enzymes from human (8), animal (6), and yeast (1) sources, including deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK), deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), high Km 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT), guanylate (GMP) kinase, nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase, adenylate (AMP) kinase, nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase, 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) kinase, creatine kinase, and pyruvate kinase. In addition, the metabolism of 14C-labeled DXG was studied in CEM cells. DXG was not phosphorylated by human dCK, and was a poor substrate for human dGK with a high Km (7 mM). Human 5′-NT phosphorylated DXG with relatively high efficiency (4.2% of deoxyguanosine). DXG-MP was a substrate for porcine brain GMP kinase with a substrate specificity that was 1% of dGMP. DXG-DP was phosphorylated by all of the enzymes tested, including NDP kinase, 3-PG kinase, creatine kinase, and pyruvate kinase. The BB-isoform of human creatine kinase showed the highest relative substrate specificity (47% of dGDP) for DXG-DP. In CEM cells incubated with 5 μM DXG for 24 h, 0.015 pmole/106 cells (～7.5 nM) of DXG-TP was detected as the primary metabolite. Our study demonstrated that 5′-nucleotidase, GMP kinase, creatine kinase, and NDP kinase could be responsible for the activation of DXG in vivo.

P(V) Reagents for the Scalable Synthesis of Natural and Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates

Natural and modified nucleoside triphosphates impact nearly every major aspect of healthcare research from DNA sequencing to drug discovery. However, a scalable synthetic route to these molecules has long been hindered by the need for purification by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Here, we describe a fundamentally different approach that uses a novel P(V) pyrene pyrophosphate reagent to generate derivatives that are purified by silica gel chromatography and converted to the desired compounds on scales vastly exceeding those achievable by HPLC. The power of this approach is demonstrated through the synthesis of a broad range of natural and unnatural nucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs and xNTPs) using protocols that are efficient, inexpensive, and operationally straightforward.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHORYLATED MOLECULES

The invention provides compositions and methods for synthesis of phosphorylated organic compounds, including nucleoside triphosphates.

Synthetic method of nucleoside tetraphosphate

The invention discloses a synthetic method of nucleoside tetraphosphate. The synthetic method comprises the steps of carrying out selective phosphorylation reaction by virtue of nucleoside and a cyclic phosphorylation reagent, and carrying out oxidation and hydrolysis loop opening, so as to obtain nucleoside tetraphosphate. The structure of the cyclic phosphorylation reagent is represented by a formula I (shown in the description). According to the synthetic method, 5'-nucleoside tetraphosphate is selectively generated from nucleoside under the effect of the high-selectivity phosphorylation reagent, and 3'-OH (and 2'-OH) does not need to be protected in the process, namely that the generaiton of 3'(and 2'-)tetraphosphate can be effectively inhibited. Nucleoside tetraphosphate synthesized by virtue of the method has wide use ranges in the biology fields of DNA sequencing, labeling, extension and the like; currently, the selling prices is expensive, a synthetic method is complex, the reaction selectivity is poor; and the synthetic method provided by the invention is good in selectivity and easy in separation and purification, required experimental conditions are simple, and the synthetic processes are all conventional chemical reactions, so that the synthetic method is applicable to large-scale popularization and use.

An improved protection-free one-pot chemical synthesis of 2′-deoxynucleoside-5′-triphosphates

□ A facile, straightforward, reliable, and an efficient method for the gram-scale chemical synthesis of both purine deoxynucleotides such as 2 ′-deoxyguanosine-5 ′-triphosphate (dGTP) and 2 ′- deoxyadenosine-5′-triphosphate (dATP) and pyrimidine deoxynucleotides such as 2 ′-deoxycytidine- 5 ′-triphosphate (dCTP), thymidine-5 ′-triphosphate (TTP), and 2 ′-deoxyuridine-5 ′-triphosphate (dUTP) starting from the corresponding nucleoside is described. This improved "one-pot, three step"Ludwig synthetic strategy involves the monophosphorylation of nucleoside followed by reaction with tributylammonium pyrophosphate and hydrolysis of the resulting cyclic intermediate to provide the corresponding dNTP in good yields (65%-70%). Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Substrate specificity of T5 bacteriophage deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate kinase and its application for the synthesis of [α-32P]d/rNTP

Bacteriophage T5 deoxynucleoside monophosphate kinase (dNMP kinase, EC 2.7.4.13) is shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of both d2CMP and ribonucleotides AMP, GMP, and CMP, but does not phosphorylate UMP. For natural acceptors of the phosphoryl group, k m and k cat were found. The applicability of T5 dNMP kinase as a universal enzyme capable of the phosphorylation of labelled r/dNMP was shown for the synthesis of [α- 32P]rNTP and [α-32P]dNTP.

A kinetic study of the rat liver adenosine kinase reverse reaction

Adenosine kinase is an enzyme catalyzing the reaction: adenosine + ATP → AMP + ADP. We studied some biochemical properties not hitherto investigated and demonstrated that the reaction can be easily reversed when coupled with adenosine deaminase, which transforms adenosine into inosine and ammonia. The overall reaction is: AMP + ADP → ATP + inosine + NH3. The exoergonic ADA reaction shifts the equilibrium and fills the energy gap necessary for synthesis of ATP. This reaction could be used by cells under particular conditions of energy deficiency and, together with myokinase activity, may help to restore physiological ATP levels. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.