2650-40-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
PYRAZINE GPR40 AGONISTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TYPE II DIABETES
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Paragraph 0279-0280, (2016/02/03)
Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for treating of disorders that are affected by the modulation of the GPR40 receptor. Such compounds are represented by Formula (I) as follows: wherein R1, G, and R2 are defined herein.
- the Wet Chemical Route to a Highly Reactive Titanium Hydride
Becker, Beate,Bogdanovic, Borislav
, p. 476 - 482 (2007/10/02)
The reaction between catalytically prepared magnesium hydride (MgH2*) and in a molar ratio of 1.5:1 in THF yields a highly pyrophoric, X-ray amorphous titanium hydride precipitate with the composition (2).This novel titanium hydride precipitate with the composition (2).This novel titanium hydride has been characterized through hydrolysis and iodolysis, as well as through thermolysis to Ti* and H2 in the solid state and in organic solvents. 2 is slightly soluble in THF and proves itself as an active reagent in a variety of reactions. - Keywords: Magnesium Hydride, Titanium Hydride, McMurry-Reaction, Titanium
Reactions of Cyclohexane Derivatives in Superacids
Dean, Christopher,Whittaker, David
, p. 1541 - 1543 (2007/10/02)
The reactions of menthol with FSO3H-SO2 and neomenthyl chloride with SbF5-SO2ClF follow different routes.The first yields a substituted cyclopentyl cation and the second a substituted cyclohexyl cation.Experiments on substituted cyclohexyl chlorides show that replacement of all the hydrogen atoms on the next but one carbon atom to the reaction centre blocks formation of a carbocation.It is suggested that ionisation of an equatorial chlorine atom takes place with assistance from an intramolecular electronic interaction, forming the methyl cyclopentyl carbocation in a synchronous process, rather than stepwise via the cyclohexyl carbocation.Reasons for contrasting behaviour in solvolytic reactions are discussed.
Reactions d'addition nucleophile sur les cetones dependance conformationelle de l'effect isotopique
Boyer, B.,Lamaty, G.
, p. 217 - 219 (2007/10/02)
In the present investigation, we have measured the secondary deuterium isotope effects in borohydride addition reaction for a serie of cyclohexanones, both hindered and unhindered.We observed an inverse isotope effect, kH/kD 1.00 for those ketones; these inversions of the isotope effects are discussed in terms of torsional effects and hyperconjugative factor.
Activation of Reducing Agents. Sodium Hydride Containing Complex Reducing Agents. 13. Selective Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Polyfunctional Substrates over Nic
Gallois, Philippe,Brunet, Jean-Jaques,Caubere, Paul
, p. 1946 - 1950 (2007/10/02)
Preparative-scale heterogeneous hydrogenation over Nic at room temperature and 1 atm are described.It is shown that these catalysts allow the selective hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds in the presence of oxo groups without side reactions.Alkynes and functional alkynes are selectively hydrogenated to the corresponding cis alkenes in high yields.Carbonyl group hydrogenations were also performed in high yields.Selective hydrogenation properties of Nic were exemplified in the steroid series.Finally, it was demonstrated that this new catalyst-preparation concept is not limited to nickel and also applies to the preparation of cobalt and palladium catalysts.
Kinetics and Activation Parameters for the Reduction of Alkylcyclohexanones by Lithium Tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride
Wigfield, Donald C.,Gowland, Frederick W.
, p. 653 - 658 (2007/10/02)
The kinetics of reduction of 15 cyclohexanones by lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride in tetrahydrofuran solvent are reported.The data confirm that the reaction is well represented by a simple second-order kinetic process.Second-order rate constants determined at various temperatures are recorded and the activation parameters determined.Rate constants vary from 5.0E-3 to 4.4 l mol-1 s-1; these rate constants exceed those of reduction by NaBH4 by factors varying from 50 (unhindered cyclohexanones) to 450 (hindered cyclohexanones).The reductions appear to be nearly isoenthalpic, all but three of the values of ΔH(excit.) being in the range 6.8 +/- 0.8 kcal mol-1.Variations in rates between ketones are caused by changes in ΔS(excit.), and entropy is also more significant than enthalpy in the free-energy barrier to reaction.Mechanistic aspects of the reduction are discussed.
