2873-18-9Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis and structural characterization of 2,5-dihalo-3,4- dinitrothiophenes
Wen, Li,Rasmussen, Seth C.
, p. 387 - 398 (2008/02/05)
Using new nitration protocols, we have been able to efficiently dinitrate 2,5-dihalothiophenes with yields of ~80-95%. The resulting products 2,5-dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene (1), 2,5-dichloro-3,4-dinitrothiophene (2), 2-bromo-5-chloro-3,4-dinitrothiophene (3), as well as the analogous 2-bromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene (4), all crystallize easily allowing their characterization via X-ray crystallography. Crystallization of 1 occurs in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a=14.547(3)A, b=7.3534(15)A, c=10.775(2)A, β=128.89(3)°, and Z=4. Crystallization of 2 occurs in the tetragonal space group I-42d with a=9.9398(14)A, b=9.9398(14)A, c=16.866(3)A, and Z=8. Crystallization of 3 occurs as a pseudo-merohedral twin in the triclinic space group P-1 with a=7.340(5)A, b=8.094(5)A, c=9.112(5)A, α=82.059(5)°, β=66.232(5)°, γ=63.021(5)°, and Z=2. Crystallization of 4 occurs in the triclinic space group P-1 with a=7.1787(14)A, b=7.4092(15)A, c=8.3151(17)A, α=101.67(3)°, β=96.00(3)°, γ=116.13(3)°, and Z=2. The structures of all compounds exhibit the formation of interesting solid-state assemblies due to halogen-bonding interactions between the halogen and nitro groups. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.
Charge Density - Activation Energy Correlations in Electrophilic Bromination of Thiophenes
Nanjan, M. J.,Kannappan, V.,Ganesan, R.
, p. 13 - 22 (2007/10/02)
Charge density calculations are made on eleven thiophenes by Hueckel LCAO MO and Del Re methods and correlated with experimental activation energies(Ea) obtained for the molecular bromination of these compounds.The need for the inclusion of ?-charges in any correlation of charge density with kinetic data is stressed. - Keywords: Charge density/ Activation energy / Bromination of thiophenes