2905-56-8Relevant articles and documents
The scale-up of continuous biphasic liquid/liquid reactions under super-heating conditions: Methodology and reactor design
Mandrelli, Francesca,Buco, Alessia,Piccioni, Lorenzo,Renner, Florian,Guelat, Bertrand,Martin, Benjamin,Schenkel, Berthold,Venturoni, Francesco
, p. 1425 - 1430 (2017)
Biphasic liquid/liquid reactions are commonplace, however their scale-up under super-heating conditions is not. Even more challenging efforts have to be expected in the case of a large scale continuous production process, which also includes the development at a lab scale, the selection and design of the continuous reaction equipment. However, by running chemistry above the boiling point of the solvent, the solvent selection can be widened to include green solvents and continuous processing guarantees a limited and safe footprint. Herein is reported a systematic methodology for the development and scale-up of a biphasic reaction under super-heating conditions, as well as the design of a continuous reactor column suitable for handling such conditions. Taking the alkylation of benzylamine with 1,5-dibromopentane as a model reaction, kinetic determination and fluid dynamic characterization of the biphasic media have been instrumental for a successful scale-up concept which was proven in a custom-made hastelloy reactor column.
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Paden,Adkins
, p. 2487,2493 (1935)
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Remarkably Efficient Iridium Catalysts for Directed C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H Borylation of Diverse Classes of Substrates
Chattopadhyay, Buddhadeb,Hassan, Mirja Md Mahamudul,Hoque, Md Emdadul
supporting information, p. 5022 - 5037 (2021/05/04)
Here we describe the discovery of a new class of C-H borylation catalysts and their use for regioselective C-H borylation of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic systems. The new catalysts have Ir-C(thienyl) or Ir-C(furyl) anionic ligands instead of the diamine-type neutral chelating ligands used in the standard C-H borylation conditions. It is reported that the employment of these newly discovered catalysts show excellent reactivity and ortho-selectivity for diverse classes of aromatic substrates with high isolated yields. Moreover, the catalysts proved to be efficient for a wide number of aliphatic substrates for selective C(sp3)-H bond borylations. Heterocyclic molecules are selectively borylated using the inherently elevated reactivity of the C-H bonds. A number of late-stage C-H functionalization have been described using the same catalysts. Furthermore, we show that one of the catalysts could be used even in open air for the C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H borylations enabling the method more general. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the active catalytic intermediate is the Ir(bis)boryl complex, and the attached ligand acts as bidentate ligand. Collectively, this study underlines the discovery of new class of C-H borylation catalysts that should find wide application in the context of C-H functionalization chemistry.
Iridium and bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoric acid catalysed amination of diol by hydrogen-borrowing methodology for the synthesis of cyclic amine: Synthesis of clopidogrel
Swain, Sharada Prasanna,Shri, Om,Ravichandiran
, (2021/05/13)
The borrowing hydrogen method is an environmentally benign process for the synthesis of amines, as H2O is the side product. A new green process for the amination of diol by [Ir] catalyst 15 and bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoric acid for the synthesis of cyclic amine is reported. This method was successfully applied for the synthesis of antiplatelet drug clopidogrel.
Hydrosilane-Mediated Electrochemical Reduction of Amides
Okamoto, Kazuhiro,Nagahara, Shingo,Imada, Yasushi,Narita, Risako,Kitano, Yoshikazu,Chiba, Kazuhiro
, p. 15992 - 16000 (2021/07/20)
Electrochemical reduction of amides was achieved by using a hydrosilane without any toxic or expensive metals. The key reactive ketyl radical intermediate was generated by cathodic reduction. Continuous reaction with anodically generated silyl radicals or zinc bromide resulted in chemoselective deoxygenation to give the corresponding amines.