2922-28-3 Usage
Chemical Properties
white to light yellow crystal powder
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 2922-28-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Adenine hydrochloride hydrate has been used:As a component of FAD cell culture mediaIn maintaining organotypic cultures for recreating stratified epithelium from primary cell culturesIn limbal-corneal epithelial culturing and keratinocytes
2. Adenine is a purine nucleobase with a wide range of chemical and biochemical roles in vivo and in vitro. It is a regulatory molecule and a component of DNA, RNA, cofactors (NAD, FAD) and signaling molecules (cAMP).
Biological Activity
adenine hcl, a purine derivative and a nucleobase, plays crucial roles in substantial biochemistry processes in vivo, including cellular respiration, formation of the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (atp), the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) as well as protein synthesis. in addition, adenine hcl also serves as a chemical component of dna and rna. adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between chemical reactions. [1]
in vitro
the cyto-protective effect of adenosine was measured using an in vitro model of acute tubular necrosis in rat kidney tubular cells. the finding suggested that adenosine at the concentration of 100 m could significantly decrease cellular injury. the ec50 value of adenosine was detected to be 14 m. [2]
in vivo
a study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary adenine on fatty liver induced by orotic acid (oa) in rats. 1% oa-supplemented diets with/ without 0.25% adenine was administered to rats for 10 days. enzyme assay kits were then applied to measure serum lipid profiles of tested rats, such as liver lipid concentrations in different treatment groups. moreover, the activities of fatty acid synthase (fas) and fatty acid β-oxidation were also detected. the findings suggested that addition of adenine to the diet offset the effect of oa and reversed promotion of liver tg content to basal level. administration of adenine also inhibited fas activities in rat liver. in conclusion, the ameliorating of fatty liver in adenine-treated rats was associated with the reduction of fas activities accompanied with the increase of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and the promotion of serum lipid secretion from the hepatic tissue into the bloodstream. [1]
references
[1]buang y. dietary adenine alleviates fatty liver induced by orotic acid. indo. j. chem. 2010; 10 (3): 363 - 369.[2] módis k, ger d, nagy n, szoleczky p, tóth zd and szabó c. cytoprotective effects of adenosine and inosine in an in vitro model of acute tubular necrosis. br j pharmacol. 2009 nov; 158(6): 1565–8.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 2922-28-3 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 2,9,2 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 2922-28:
(6*2)+(5*9)+(4*2)+(3*2)+(2*2)+(1*8)=83
83 % 10 = 3
So 2922-28-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C5H5N5.ClH/c6-4-3-5(9-1-7-3)10-2-8-4;/h1-2H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10);1H
2922-28-3Relevant articles and documents
Syntheses, π-stacking interactions and base-pairings of uracil pyridinium salts and uracilyl betaines with nucleobases
Schmidt, Andreas,Lindner, Anika,Nieger, Martin,Ruiz-Delgado, Maria Del Carmen,Ramirez, Francisco Javier
, p. 3056 - 3066 (2008/02/11)
Reaction of 6-chlorouracil with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, and pyridin-4-yl-morpholine yielded pyridinium-substituted uracils as chlorides which were converted into pyridinium uracilates by deprotonation. These heterocyclic mesomeric betaines are cross-conjugated and thus possess separate cationic (pyridinium) and anionic (uracilate) moieties. Calculations and X-ray single crystal analyses were performed in order to characterize these systems and to compare the salts with the betaines. 1H NMR experiments in D2O proved π-interactions between the uracilyl betaines and adenine, adenosine, as well as adeninium. No π-stacking interactions were detected between the betaines and guanosine. The acidic N8-H group of the uracil pyridinium salts caused acid-base reactions which were observed in parallel to π-stacking interactions. Self-complementarity of the modified uracils was detected by 1H NMR experiments in DMSO-d6 and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Ab initio calculations predicted base-pairings of the modified uracils with adeninium, cytosine, and guanine. Several geometries of hydrogen-bonded associates were calculated. Hoogsteen pairings between the uracil-4- (dimethylamino)pyridinium salt and adeninium, as well as associates between the corresponding betaine plus cytosine, and the betaine plus guanine were calculated, and the most stable conformations were determined. In the ESI mass spectra, prominent peaks of associates between the modified uracils and adeninium, cytosine, cytidine, guanosine and d(CpGp) were detected. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2006.
