29492-96-4Relevant articles and documents
Titanocene-Catalyzed Alkylation of Aryl-Substituted Alkenes with Alkyl Halides
Terao, Jun,Watabe, Hiroyasu,Miyamoto, Masako,Kambe, Nobuaki
, p. C-89, 2209-2214 (2007/10/03)
A new method for substitution of a vinylic hydrogen with an alkyl group (a Mizoroki-Heck type transformation) was developed by a titanocene catalyst in the presence of nBuMgCl. This reaction could proceed regio- and stereoselectively under mild conditions to afford E-olefins using primary and secondary alkyl halides. The reactions of aliphatic alkenes, e.g., 1-octene and internal alkenes, were sluggish. When t-alkyl halides were employed, alkylative dimerization of alkenes proceeded exclusively to give symmetrical vic-diarylalkanes. These reactions involved addition of alkyl radicals to arylalkenes to form benzyl radicals as a carbon-carbon bond-forming step. Dimerization of thus formed benzyl radicals afforded symmetrical alkanes and β-hydrogen elimination from benzyltitanocene intermediates gave alkylated alkenes. A possibility that titanocene activates alkenes as radical accepters was also proposed.