3007-31-6Relevant articles and documents
Preparation of Stable Single-Compartment Vesicles with Cationic and Zwitterionic Amphiphiles Involving Amino Acid Residues
Murakami, Yukito,Nakano, Akio,Ikeda, Hidetsugu
, p. 2137 - 2144 (1982)
Cationic and zwitterionic amphiphiles involving amino acid residues were synthesized as modifications of the phospholipids.Their aggregated structures in both dilute aqueous dispersion and solution were investigated by electron microscopy.Amphiphiles involving an alanine residue or a sarcosine residue, N,N-didodecyl-Nα--L-alaninamide bromide (N+C5Ala2C12), N,N-didodecyl-Nα-hexanoyl>-L-alaninamide bromide (CAC2N+C5Ala2C12), N,N-didodecyl-Nα-sarcosinamide bromide (N+C5Sar2C12), and N,N-didodecyl-Nα-hexanoyl>sarcosinamide bromide (CAC2N+C5Sar2C12), readily form well-developed multiwalled bilayer assemblies (lamellae and vesicles) and stable single-walled vesicles without any additives in dilute aqueous dispersion and sonicated aqueous solution, respectively.On the other hand, those involving one or three leucine residues, N,N-didodecyl-Nα--L-leucinamide bromide (N+C5Leu2C12), N,N-didodecyl-Nα-hexanoyl>-L-leucinamide bromide (CAC2N+C5Leu2C12), and N,N-didodecyl-Nα-α'-α''--L-leucyl>-L-leucyl>-L-leucinamide bromide (N+C5Leu32C12), form partly developed multiwalled bilayer assemblies in aqueous dispersion while stable single- or double-walled vesicles are observable in sonicated aqueous solution.The significance of the tripartite structure in amphiphile assemblies for the formation of stable single-walled bilayer vesicles has been discussed.
MATERIALS COMPRISING CARBON-EMBEDDED COBALT NANOPARTICLES, PROCESSES FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE, AND USE AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS
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Page/Page column 17; 19, (2021/03/13)
The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with cobalt nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein dP, the average diameter of cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt% to 70 wt% of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein dP, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 dP / ω > D ≥ 0.25 dP / ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.
Sustainable hydrogenation of aliphatic acyclic primary amides to primary amines with recyclable heterogeneous ruthenium-tungsten catalysts
Coeck, Robin,Berden, Sarah,De Vos, Dirk E.
supporting information, p. 5326 - 5335 (2019/10/11)
The hydrogenation of amides is a straightforward method to produce (possibly bio-based) amines. However current amide hydrogenation catalysts have only been validated in a rather limited range of toxic solvents and the hydrogenation of aliphatic (acyclic) primary amides has rarely been investigated. Here, we report the use of a new and relatively cheap ruthenium-tungsten bimetallic catalyst in the green and benign solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). Besides the effect of the Lewis acid promotor, NH3 partial pressure is identified as the key parameter leading to high primary amine yields. In our model reaction with hexanamide, yields of up to 83% hexylamine could be achieved. Beside the NH3 partial pressure, we investigated the effect of the catalyst support, PGM-Lewis acid ratio, H2 pressure, temperature, solvent tolerance and product stability. Finally, the catalyst was characterized and proven to be very stable and highly suitable for the hydrogenation of a broad range of amides.
