307930-46-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis and characterisation of lanthanide-hydroporphyrin dyads
Xiong, Ruisheng,Andres, Julien,Scheffler, Kira,Borbas, K. Eszter
, p. 2541 - 2553 (2015)
Fluorescence spectroscopy is in many ways the ideal tool for the interrogation of complex biological systems, as it is non-invasive, sensitive, and offers high spatiotemporal resolution. For biomedical imaging luminescent probes absorbing and emitting in the red-to-near infrared (NIR) region are best suited to maximise tissue penetration and minimise damage to cellular components. NIR-emitting lanthanides (Ln) sensitised with red-absorbing antennae are promising candidates for these applications, assuming the challenges of poor photophysical properties and tedious syntheses of the complexes are overcome. Chlorins are porphyrin-type tetrapyrroles with intense red absorption. Recently chlorins have been shown to sensitise Yb and Nd emission when incorporated into Ln-complexes. Here we expand on our previous work, and explore the effect of chlorin structure, metallation state, chlorin-Ln-complex linker length and mode of attachment on the properties of chlorin-Ln complexes. As chlorin absorption bands are ～20 nm fwhm and readily tunable, a deeper understanding of structure-property relationships would enable the use of chlorin-Ln complexes in multicolour imaging using antenna-specific excitation. A detailed description of antenna and complex syntheses and photophysical characterisation is given. A number of challenges were identified, which will have to be addressed in future studies to enable multicolour imaging using the NIR-emitting lanthanides.
Rational Syntheses of Porphyrins Bearing up to Four Different Meso Substituents
Rao, Polisetti Dharma,Dhanalekshmi, Savithri,Littler, Benjamin J.,Lindsey, Jonathan S.
, p. 7323 - 7344 (2007/10/03)
Porphyrins bearing specific patterns of substituents are crucial building blocks in biomimetic and materials chemistry. We have developed methodology that avoids statistical reactions, employs minimal chromatography, and affords up to gram quantities of regioisomerically pure porphyrins bearing predesignated patterns of up to four different meso substituents. The methodology is based upon the availability of multigram quantities of dipyrromethanes. A procedure for the diacylation of dipyrromethanes using EtMgBr and an acid chloride has been refined. A new procedure for the preparation of unsymmetrical diacyl dipyrromethanes has been developed that involves (1) monoacylation with EtMgBr and a pyridyl benzothioate followed by (2) introduction of the second acyl unit upon reaction with EtMgBr and an acid chloride. The scope of these acylation methods has been examined by preparing multigram quantities of diacyl dipyrromethanes bearing a variety of substituents. Reduction of the diacyl dipyrromethane to the corresponding dipyrromethane-dicarbinol is achieved with NaBH4 in methanolic THF. Porphyrin formation involves the acid-catalyzed condensation of a dipyrromethane-dicarbinol and a dipyrromethane followed by oxidation with DDQ. Optimal conditions for the condensation were identified after examining various reaction parameters (solvent, temperature, acid, concentration, time). The conditions identified (2.5 mM reactants in acetonitrile containing 30 mM TFA at room temperature for 3B, trans-A2B2, trans-AB2C, cis-A2B2, cis-A2BC, and ABCD were prepared, including >1-g quantities of three porphyrins.
