31673-46-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Non-Cryogenic, Ammonia-Free Reduction of Aryl Compounds
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, (2022/03/31)
A method of reducing an aromatic ring or a cyclic, allylic ether in a compound includes preparing a reaction mixture including a compound including an aromatic moiety or a cyclic, allylic ether moiety, an alkali metal, and either ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or a combination thereof, in an ether solvent; and reacting the reaction mixture at from ?20° C. to 30° C. for a time sufficient to reduce a double bond in the aromatic moiety to a single bond or to reduce the cyclic, allylic ether moiety.
Scalable and safe synthetic organic electroreduction inspired by Li-ion battery chemistry
Peters, Byron K.,Rodriguez, Kevin X.,Reisberg, Solomon H.,Beil, Sebastian B.,Kawamata, Yu,Baran, Phil S.,Hickey, David P.,Klunder, Kevin,Gorey, Timothy J.,Anderson, Scott L.,Minteer, Shelley D.,Collins, Michael,Starr, Jeremy,Chen, Longrui,Udyavara, Sagar,Neurock, Matthew
, p. 838 - 845 (2019/04/30)
Reductive electrosynthesis has faced long-standing challenges in applications to complex organic substrates at scale. Here, we show how decades of research in lithium-ion battery materials, electrolytes, and additives can serve as an inspiration for achieving practically scalable reductive electrosynthetic conditions for the Birch reduction. Specifically, we demonstrate that using a sacrificial anode material (magnesium or aluminum), combined with a cheap, nontoxic, and water-soluble proton source (dimethylurea), and an overcharge protectant inspired by battery technology [tris(pyrrolidino)phosphoramide] can allow for multigram-scale synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant building blocks. We show how these conditions have a very high level of functional-group tolerance relative to classical electrochemical and chemical dissolving-metal reductions. Finally, we demonstrate that the same electrochemical conditions can be applied to other dissolving metal-type reductive transformations, including McMurry couplings, reductive ketone deoxygenations, and epoxide openings.
Regioselective Transfer Hydrodeuteration of Alkenes with a Hydrogen Deuteride Surrogate Using B(C6F5)3 Catalysis
Walker, Johannes C. L.,Oestreich, Martin
supporting information, p. 6411 - 6414 (2018/10/20)
A regioselective hydrodeuteration of alkenes using monodeuterated cyclohexa-1,4-dienes as surrogates for hydrogen deuteride (HD) gas is reported. The metal-free process proceeds under B(C6F5)3 catalysis presumably by deuteride abstraction to form borodeuteride [DB(C6F5)3]a and highly Br?nsted-acidic Wheland intermediates. Low catalyst loadings (2.5 mol %) are used, and the reaction proceeds at room temperature.
Nucleophile-Assisted Alkene Activation: Olefins Alone Are Often Incompetent
Ashtekar, Kumar Dilip,Vetticatt, Mathew,Yousefi, Roozbeh,Jackson, James E.,Borhan, Babak
supporting information, p. 8114 - 8119 (2016/07/16)
Emerging work on organocatalytic enantioselective halocyclizations naturally draws on conditions where both new bonds must be formed under delicate control, the reaction regime where the concerted nature of the AdE3 mechanism is of greatest importance. Without assistance, many simple alkene substrates react slowly or not at all with conventional halenium donors under synthetically relevant reaction conditions. As demonstrated earlier by Shilov, Cambie, Williams, Fahey, and others, alkenes can undergo a concerted AdE3-type reaction via nucleophile participation, which sets the configuration of the newly created stereocenters at both ends in one step. Herein, we explore the modulation of alkene reactivity and halocyclization rates by nucleophile proximity and basicity, through detailed analyses of starting material spectroscopy, addition stereopreferences, isotope effects, and nucleophile-alkene interactions, all obtained in a context directly relevant to synthesis reaction conditions. The findings build on the prior work by highlighting the reactivity spectrum of halocyclizations from stepwise to concerted, and suggest strategies for design of new reactions. Alkene reactivity is seen to span the range from the often overgeneralized "sophomore textbook" image of stepwise electrophilic attack on the alkene and subsequent nucleophilic bond formation, to the nucleophile-assisted alkene activation (NAAA) cases where electron donation from the nucleophilic addition partner activates the alkene for electrophilic attack. By highlighting the factors that control reactivity across this range, this study suggests opportunities to explain and control stereo-, regio-, and organocatalytic chemistry in this important class of alkene additions.
C19 quassinoid model studies: Preparation of trans-perhydroindans via a vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol - Free-radical cyclization route
Donahue, Matthew G.,Hart, David J.
, p. 314 - 317 (2007/10/03)
Aldehyde 9 was prepared in 5 steps from 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid. Treatment of 9 with ketene acetals 10 and 19 and titanium tetrachloride gave free-radical cyclization substrates 11 and 20 in 67% and 51% yields, respectively. Tri-n-butylstannane-mediated
X-Ray Crystallographic Study of the Preferred Conformations of 2,6- and 3,5-Dimethyl-1,4-dihydrobenzoic Acids
Grossel, Martin C.,Cheetham, Anthony K.,James, Daniel,Newsam, John M.
, p. 471 - 475 (2007/10/02)
A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydrobenzoic acid (2b) reveals that the cyclohexadiene ring is somewhat puckered with an angle of pucker, α = 171.6 deg.Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with Z = 4, in a
