32938-33-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Preparation and applications of xanthenylamide (XAL) handles for solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal peptide amides under particularly mild conditions
Han,Bontems,Hegyes,Munson,Minor,Kates,Albericio,Barany
, p. 6326 - 6339 (2007/10/03)
[[9-[(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)amino]xanthen-2(or 3)-yl]oxy]alkanoic acid (XAL) handles have been prepared by efficient four-step routes from 2- or 3-hydroxyxanthone and coupled onto a range of amino-functionalized supports. The resultant XAL supports are the starting points for solid-phase peptide synthesis by Fmoc chemistry. Upon completion of chain assembly, C-terminal peptide amides are released in excellent yields and purities by use of low concentrations [1-5% (v/v)] of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in dichloromethane, often without a need for added carbocation scavengers. These cleavage conditions allow retention of all or a significant portion of tert-butyl type and related side-chain protecting groups, which subsequently may be removed fully in a solution process carried out at higher acid concentration. XAL supports are particularly useful for the synthesis of acid-sensitive peptides, including tryptophan-containing sequences that are known to be susceptible to yield- and/or purity-reducing alkylation side reactions. The effectiveness of this chemistry was shown with the syntheses of prothrombin (1-9), acyl carrier protein (65-74), Tabanus atratus adipokinetic hormone, fragments of the protein RHK 1, CCK-8 sulfate, and oxytocin. Furthermore, the application of XAL supports for the preparation of fully protected peptide amides has been demonstrated.
BeCl2 as a new highly selective reagent for dealkylation of aryl-methyl ethers
Sharghi, Hashem,Tamaddon, Fatemeh
, p. 13623 - 13640 (2007/10/03)
An efficient and simple method is introduced for the selective removal of methyl group from poly aryl-methyl ethers, in some important derivatives of benzophenones, xanthones, anthraquinones, aryl esters, benzamides and nitroanisoles with BeCl2.
Xanthenylamide handle for use in peptide synthesis
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, (2008/06/13)
The preparation and properties of xanthenylamide handles for use in peptide synthesis is disclosed. The compounds, Fmoc-9H-2-alkyleneoxycarboxy-xanthene-9-amines, are used as peptide handles in the solid phase synthesis of peptide amides.
Buttressing Effect in Carbene Chemistry. Effect of 3-Alkyl Groups on the Reactions of 2-Alkoxydiphenylcarbenes
Tomioka, Hideo,Kimoto, Kohji,Murata, Hiroshi,Izawa, Yasuji
, p. 471 - 477 (2007/10/02)
Irradiation of 2-methoxydiphenyldiazomethane 1a in diethyl ether at 10 deg C gave 3-phenyldihydrobenzofuran 3a along with a small amount of the ether adduct 4a, which became the major product when the irradiation was carried out in the ether matrix at -196 deg C.The reaction patterns were dramatically changed as an alkyl group was introduced into the 3-position of substrates 1.Thus, irradiation of 2-methoxy-3-alkyldiphenyldiazomethanes 1b-d in diethyl ether either at 10 deg C or at -196 deg C afforded the corresponding benzofurans 3b-d at the complete expense of the ether adducts 4b-d.The results are nicely explained in terms of the buttressing effect of the 3-alkyl group, which prevents the 2-methoxy group from lying in the plane of the phenyl ring in the precursor molecules and assists the methoxy group in rotating around the C-O bond toward the carbene centre after elimination of N2.Generation of carbenes 2 in methanol at 10 deg C produced O-H insertion adducts 5 as the major product at the expense of benzofurans 3.The ether 5a was formed as a major product in the reaction of carbene 2a with the alcohol matrix at -196 deg C, but the benzofurans 3 became the major product in the irradiation of substrates 1b-d in methanol matrix at -196 deg C.The results are again explicable in terms of the buttressing effect of 3-alkyl substituents on the relative populations of thew rotational isomers of the carbenes 2.The effect of the 3-alkyl group on the reaction of 2,2',5'-trimethoxydiphenylcarbenes 7 which form two kinds of intramolecular C-H insertion products 8 and 9 were studied and the results are again discussed in terms of the buttressing effect.
