333793-64-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Amino-3, 5-dicyanopyridines targeting the adenosine receptors ranging from pan ligands to combined A1/A2B partial agonists
Catarzi, Daniela,Varano, Flavia,Varani, Katia,Vincenzi, Fabrizio,Pasquini, Silvia,Dal Ben, Diego,Volpini, Rosaria,Colotta, Vittoria
, (2019/11/05)
The amino-3,5-dicyanopyridine derivatives belong to an intriguing series of adenosine receptor (AR) ligands that has been developed by both academic researchers and industry. Indeed, the studies carried out to date underline the versatility of the dicyanopyridine scaffold to obtain AR ligands with not only a wide range of affinities but also with diverse degrees of efficacies at the different ARs. These observations prompted us to investigate on the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of this series leading to important previously reported results. The present SAR study has helped to confirm the 1H-imidazol-2-yl group at R2 position as an important feature for producing potent AR agonists. Moreover, the nature of the R1 substituent highly affects not only affinity/activity at the hA1 and hA2B ARs but also selectivity versus the other subtypes. Potent hA1 and hA2B AR ligands were developed, and among them, the 2-amino-6-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-4-[4-(prop-2-en-1-yloxy)phenyl]pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (3) is active in the low nanomolar range at these subtypes and shows a good trend of selectivity versus both the hA2A and hA3 ARs. This combined hA1/hA2B partial agonist activity leads to a synergistic effect on glucose homeostasis and could potentially be beneficial in treating diabetes and related complications.
A series of ligands displaying a remarkable agonistic-antagonistic profile at the adenosine A1 receptor
Chang, Lisa C. W.,Von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel, Jacobien K.,Mulder-Krieger, Thea,Spanjersberg, Ronald F.,Roerink, Sophie F.,Van Den Hout, Gijs,Beukers, Margot W.,Brussee, Johannes,Ijzerman, Adriaan P.
, p. 2045 - 2053 (2007/10/03)
Adenosine receptor agonists are usually variations of the natural ligand, adenosine. The ribose moiety in the ligand has previously been shown to be of great importance for the agonistic effects of the compound. In this paper, we present a series of nonadenosine ligands selective for the adenosine A 1 receptor with an extraordinary pharmacological profile. 2-Amino-4-benzo-[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-6-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3, 5-dicarbonitrile (70, LUF 5853) shows full agonistic behavior comparable with the reference compound CPA, while also displaying comparable receptor binding affinity (Ki = 11 nM). In contrast, compound 58 (2-amino-4-(3- trifluoromethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile, LUF 5948) has a binding affinity of 14 nM and acts as an inverse agonist. Also present within this same series are compounds that show neutral antagonism of the adenosine A1 receptor, for example compound 65 (2-amino-4-(4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3, 5-dicarbonitrile, LUF 5826).
