33533-47-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Substituted 9-Diethylaminobenzo[ a]phenoxazin-5-ones (Nile Red Analogues): Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Hornum, Mick,Mulberg, Mads W.,Szomek, Maria,Reinholdt, Peter,Brewer, Jonathan R.,Wüstner, Daniel,Kongsted, Jacob,Nielsen, Poul
, p. 1471 - 1488 (2021/01/13)
Nile Red is a benzo[a]phenoxazone dye containing a diethylamino substituent at the 9-position. In recent years, it has become a popular histological stain for cellular membranes and lipid droplets due to its unrivaled fluorescent properties in lipophilic environments. This makes it an attractive lead for chemical decoration to tweak its attributes and optimize it for more specialized microscopy techniques, e.g., fluorescence lifetime imaging or two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, to which Nile Red has never been optimized. Herein, we present synthesis approaches to a series of monosubstituted Nile Red derivatives (9-diethylbenzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ones) starting from 1-naphthols or 1,3-naphthalenediols. The solvatochromic responsiveness of these fluorophores is reported with focus on how the substituents affect the absorption and emission spectra, luminosity, fluorescence lifetimes, and two-photon absorptivity. Several of the analogues emerge as strong candidates for reporting the polarity of their local environment. Specifically, the one- and two-photon excited fluorescence of Nile Red turns out to be very responsive to substitution, and the spectroscopic features can be finely tuned by judiciously introducing substituents of distinct electronic character at specific positions. This new toolkit of 9-diethylbenzo[a]phenoxazine-5-ones constitutes a step toward the next generation of optical molecular probes for advancing the understanding of lipid structures and cellular processes.
Heterosubstituted or functionalized derivatives of 1- and 2-(trifluoro-methyl)naphthalenes emanating from aryne adducts
Bailly, Frederic,Gottet, Fabrice,Schlosser, Manfred
, p. 791 - 797 (2007/10/03)
More than two dozen new CF3-substituted naphthalene derivatives were prepared in an expedient way by employing 3- and 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyne as the key intermediates. 2- and 4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride were treated with butyllithium and the organometallic species thus generated were allowed to decompose in the presence of furan. The resulting cycloadducts 1 and 14 were reduced to the (trifluoromethyl)naphthalenes 2 and 15, ring- opened to the (trifluoromethyl)naphthols 3,16 and 17 and transformed to the dibromo adducts 5 and 18. The latter were stereoselectively converted into the bromo-1,4-epoxy-1,4-dihydro(trifluoromethyl)naphthalenes 6,7,19 and 20 and, by deoxygenation, into various bromo(trifluoromethyl)naphthalenes 8, 9, 21 and 22. Trifluoromethyl substituted naphthoic acids 10-13 and 23-26 were obtained when the bromo compounds 6-9 and 19-22 were subjected to a halogen/metal permutation followed by carboxylation.
