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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Novel Norrish type I flavonoid photoinitiator for safe LED light with high activity and low toxicity by inhibiting the ESIPT process

In this study, flavonoid with N,N-diphenylamino group, 2-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (3HF–OH) was designed and synthesized as low-toxicity photoinitiator for photopolymerization under safe visible LED sources, however, low photoin

A photostable triphenylamine-based flavonoid dye: Solvatochromism, aggregation-induced emission enhancement, fabrication of organic nanodots, and cell imaging applications

Fluorescent organic nanodots are considered as the promising tools for long-term cellular imaging, due to their high luminescence, good photostability and good biocompatibility. In this study, a novel triphenylamine-based flavonoid dye with aggregation-in

Fluorescent flavonoids for endoplasmic reticulum cell imaging

Visualization of subcellular organelles in vivo is critical for basic biomedical research and clinical applications. Two new flavonoids with an amide substituent were synthesized and characterized. The flavonoids were nearly non-fluorescent in aqueous env

Exploring 3-Benzyloxyflavones as new lead cholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis, structure–activity relationship and molecular modelling simulations

In this protocol, a series of 3-benzyloxyflavone derivatives have been designed, synthesized, characterized and investigated in?vitro as cholinesterase inhibitors. The findings showed that all the synthesized target compounds (1–10) are potent dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes with varying IC50 values. In comparison, they are more active against AChE than BChE. Remarkably, amongst the series, the compound 2 was identified as the most active inhibitor of both AChE (IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.01 μM) and BChE (IC50 = 0.09 ± 0.02 μM) relative to the standard Donepezil (IC50 = 0.09 ± 0.01 for AChE and 0.13 ± 0.04 μM for BChE). Moreover, the derivatives 5 (IC50 = 0.07 ± 0.02 μM) and 10 (0.08 ± 0.02 μM) exhibited the highest selective inhibition against AChE as compared to the standard. Preliminary structure-activity relationship was established and thus found that cholinesterase inhibitory activities of these compounds are highly dependent on the nature and position of various substituents on Ring-B of the 3-Benzyloxyflavone scaffolds. In order to find out the nature of binding interactions of the compounds and active sites of the enzymes, molecular docking studies were carried out. (Figure presented.) HIGHLIGHTS 3-benzyloxyflavone analogues were designed, synthesized and characterized. The target molecules (1–10) were evaluated for their inhibitory potential against AChE and BChE inhibitory activities. Limited structure-activity relationship was developed based on the different substituent patterns on aryl part. Molecular docking studies were conducted to correlate the in?vitro results and to identify possible mode of interactions at the active pocket site of the enzyme. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Monomolecular fluorescent probe capable of simultaneously distinguishing and imaging lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum and application thereof

The invention discloses a monomolecular double-target fluorescent probe capable of simultaneously distinguishing and bicolor imaging lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum and revealing the relationship between the lipid droplets and the endoplasmic ret

Exploring 3-hydroxyflavone scaffolds as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis, X-ray crystallography, antimicrobial, fluorescence behaviour, structure-activity relationship and molecular modelling studies

To explore new scaffolds as tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors remain an interesting goal in the drug discovery and development. In due course and our approach to synthesize bioactive compounds, a series of varyingly substituted 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives (1-23) were synthesized in one-pot reaction and screened for in?vitro against mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were unambiguously corroborated by usual spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H-, 13C-NMR) and mass spectrometry (EI-MS). The structure of compound 15 was also characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds (1-23) were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential. Biological studies exhibit pretty good activity against most of the bacterial-fungal strains and their activity is comparable to those of commercially available antibiotics i.e. Cefixime and Clotrimazole. Amongst the series, the compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14 and 22 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against tyrosinase, even better than standard compound. Remarkably, the compound 2 (IC50 = 0.280 ± 0.010 μg/ml) was found almost sixfold and derivative 5 (IC50 = 0.230 ± 0.020 μg/ml) about sevenfold more active as compared to standard Kojic acid (IC50 =1.79 ± 0.6 μg/ml). Moreover, these synthetic compounds (1-23) displayed good to moderate activities against tested bacterial and fungal strains. Their emission behavior was also investigated in order to know their potential as fluorescent probes. The molecular modelling simulations were also performed to explore their binding interactions with active sites of the tyrosinase enzyme. Limited structure-activity relationship was established to design and develop new tyrosinase inhibitors by employing 2-arylchromone as a structural core in the future. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Simultaneous Two-Color Visualization of Lipid Droplets and Endoplasmic Reticulum and Their Interplay by Single Fluorescent Probes in Lambda Mode

In living systems, subcellular organelles mutually cooperate and closely contact to form organelle interaction networks. Thus, the simultaneous and discriminative visualization of different organelles is extremely valuable for elucidating their distribution and interplay. However, such meaningful investigations remain a great challenge due to the lack of advanced single fluorescent probes (SF-probes) capable of simultaneous and two-color imaging of two targets. Herein, for the first time, we present two excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) based SF-probes (PPC and EPC) for simultaneous two-color fluorescence imaging of lipid droplets (LDs) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) under single-wavelength excitation. Due to the strong electron-donating ability of the side substituents, the fluorescence spectra and colors of these ESIPT probes are highly sensitive to the nuance of water contents between LDs and ER, leading to orange and green fluorescence in LDs and ER, respectively, in the Lambda imaging mode. Using the probe PPC or EPC, the morphology, size, and distribution of LDs and ER have been investigated in live cells and tissues. With the aid of in situ and real-time fluorescence imaging in Lambda mode, we observed the generation of newborn LDs near the ER regions and their close apposition and shared identical fluorescence colors, probably providing a valuable proof for the mainstream hypothesis that LDs originate from the ER. The remarkable imaging performances render these SF-probes as powerful tools to decipher LD-ER related biological processes.

Effects of multibranching on 3-hydroxyflavone-based chromophores and the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer dynamics

A series of one-, two-, and three-branched chromophores based on 3-hydroxyflavones (1-3) have been synthesized as the first example of multibranched chromophores demonstrating excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Coupling between the 3-hy