35544-39-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Triphenylpyrylium Salt as Sensitizer for Electron Transfer Oxygenation not involving Superoxide Anion
Akaba, Ryoichi,Aihara, Shin,Sakuragi, Hirochika,Tokumaru, Katsumi
, p. 1262 - 1263 (1987)
2,4,6-Triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate sensitized electron transfer oxygenation of adamantylideneadamantane proceeds via the reaction of the alkene radical cations with molecular oxygen without participation of superoxide anion.
Synthesis, characterization, photophysics and photochemistry of pyrylogen electron transfer sensitizers
Clennan, Edward L.,Liao, Chen
, p. 344 - 357 (2014/04/03)
A series of new dicationic sensitizers that are hybrids of pyrylium salts and viologens has been synthesized. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of these "pyrylogen" sensitizers are reported in sufficient detail to allow rationale design of new photoinduced electron transfer reactions. The range of their reduction potentials (+0.37-+0.05 V vs SCE) coupled with their range of singlet (48-63 kcal mol-1) and triplet (48-57 kcal mol-1) energies demonstrate that they are potent oxidizing agents in both their singlet and triplet excited states, thermodynamically capable of oxidizing substrates with oxidation potentials as high as 3.1 eV. The pyrylogens are synthesized in three steps from readily available starting materials in modest overall 11.4-22.3% yields. These sensitizers have the added advantages that: (1) their radical cations do not react on the CV timescale with oxygen bypassing the need to run reactions under nitrogen or argon and (2) have long wavelength absorptions between 413 and 523 nm well out of the range where competitive absorbance by most substrates would cause a problem. These new sensitizers do react with water requiring special precautions to operate in a dry reaction environment. Hybrids of pyrylium salts and viologens photochemically generate radical-cation/radical-cation pairs with substantial intra-ion repulsion that increases the rate constant of separation, kSEP, and competitively inhibits energy wasting return electron transfer. These first representatives of dicationic charge-shift sensitizers generate radical cations that do not react with oxygen on the CV timescale and absorb between 413 and 523 nm well outside the range where competitive absorbance by most substrates would cause a problem.
THE REACTION OF ADAMANTYLIDENEADAMANTANE WITH SINGLET OXYGEN MEDIATED BY ROSE BENGAL AND CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEXES
Jefford, Charles W.,Estrada, Manuel Jimenez,Barchietto, Giacomo
, p. 1737 - 1745 (2007/10/02)
Chemically generated singlet oxygen reacts with adamantylideneadamantane (1) in acetone solution to give mainly the corresponding 1,2-dioxetane (2) together with traces of the epoxide 3.When rose bengal (RB) is added to the reaction mixture, epoxide 3 becomes the chief product at the expense of the dioxetane 2, even in the dark.Charge transfer complexes (CTCs) formed between N-ethylcarbazole and fluorene with 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one and pyromellitic dianhydride, as well as quinhydrone, behave like RB in that their addition to the reaction mixture favors epoxide formation.Their epoxidizing power is related to the energies of their CT bands.Free energies (ΔG) calculated for the interaction of the CTC with singlet oxygen ranged from -2.07 to 0.45 kcal/mol.CTCs having a ΔG greater than 0.5 kcal/mol are inefficient for the production of 3.The results are explained in terms of two different processes.The normal course is the reaction of singlet oxygen with 1 to give dioxetane.Addends such as CTCs and dimeric RB compete for singlet oxygen and convert it to superoxide radical ion, which in a secondary process is indirectly responsible for epoxidation.
AUTOXIDATION OF ADAMANTYLIDENEADAMANTANE IN A PROTIC SOLVENT. FACILE PROTON-INDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM THE OLEFIN TO OXYGEN
Akaba, Ryoichi,Sakuragi, Hirochika,Tokumaru, Katsumi
, p. 665 - 668 (2007/10/02)
Addition of trifluoroacetic acid to adamantylideneadamantane in dichloromethane solution under oxygen in the dark results in a rapid oxygenation of the olefin.The reaction is proposed to proceed through a mechanism involving proton-induced electon transfer from the olefin to oxygen giving its radical cation and a hydroperoxy radical followed by their subsequent reactions.
