3812-32-6

Basic information

• Product Name: carbonate
• Synonyms: Carbonateanion (CO32-); Carbonate anion(2-); Carbonate dianion; Carbonate ion; Carbonateion(2-); Carbonate(2-); Carbonate(2-) ion; Carbonic acid, ion(2-)
• CAS NO: 3812-32-6
• Molecular Formula: CO₃
• Molecular Weight: 60.01
• Mol File: 3812-32-6.mol
• Article Data: 12

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 333.6°Cat760mmHg
• Flash Point: 169.8°C
• Appearance: /
• Density: g/cm³
• CAS DataBase Reference: carbonate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: carbonate(3812-32-6)
• EPA Substance Registry System: carbonate(3812-32-6)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 3812-32-6(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

Carbonate refers to the combination of carbon and oxygen in a chemical compound, often in the form of a salt. The most commonly known carbonate is calcium carbonate, found in limestone, chalk, and marble. Other important carbonates include sodium carbonate (washing soda) and potassium carbonate, which are used in various industrial processes and chemical reactions. Carbonates are also present in the Earth's crust and play a crucial role in the carbon cycle, as they are involved in the weathering of rocks and the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Additionally, carbonates are important in various biological processes, such as in the formation of shells and skeletons of marine organisms.

Upstream product

• 62-76-0 sodium oxalate 
• 14380-61-1 hypochlorite 
• 57-13-6 urea 
• 201230-82-2 carbon monoxide 
• 1493-05-6 difluoro-nitro-methane 
• 141-52-6 sodium ethanolate 
• 2385-85-5 mirex 
• 2074-87-5 carbon nitride 
• 1310-73-2 sodium hydroxide 
• 7439-89-6 iron 
• 358-15-6 Trifluoro-methanethiosulfonic acid S-trifluoromethyl ester 
• 2712-93-8 dichlorofluoromethanesulphenyl chloride 

Downstream Products

• 554-13-2 lithium carbonate 
• 1633-05-2 strontium(II) carbonate 
• 497-19-8 sodium carbonate 
• 15852-22-9 tellurite^(2-) 
• 1007166-70-2 HO₃Te^(1-) 
• 16518-46-0 carbonate radical anion 
• 544-17-2 calcium diformate 
• 71000-82-3 cyanate 
• 124-38-9 carbon dioxide 
• 113420-83-0 (1'S^*,5R^*)-3-(1'-phenyleth-1'yl)-5-(iodomethyl)oxazolidin-2-one 
• 113420-77-2 (1'S^*,5S^*)-3-(1'-phenyleth-1'yl)-5-(iodomethyl)oxazolidin-2-one 

Relevant articles and documents

Cost effective and energy efficient catalytic support of Co and Ni in Pd matrix toward ethanol oxidation reaction: Product analysis and mechanistic interpretation

The present investigation deals with the comparative analysis of electro-catalytic behaviour of Pt, Pd and ternary combinations of Co and Ni with Pd NPs, supported on vulcan XC72 as the anode component in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) operating in alkaline environment. Catalyst NPs were synthesized by ethylene glycol reduction method and their structure, composition and surface morphology were determined through XRD, EDAX and TEM techniques. The superb catalytic efficiency of PdCoNi/C toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is ascribed to the catalytic intervention of transition metal ad atoms and their surface oxides, culminating to enhanced electrochemical surface area, preferred OH? adsorption on the surface and remarkable yield of oxidation products (CH3CO2? and CO32 ?) estimated by ion chromatography. The performance output parameters collectively substantiate not only to the catalytic superiority of the PdCoNi/C catalyst but also affordability to a considerable extent over both the Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts.

Hydrogen and chemicals from alcohols through electrochemical reforming by Pd-CeO2/C electrocatalyst

The development of low-cost and sustainable hydrogen production is of primary importance for a future transition to sustainable energy. In this work, the selective and simultaneous production of pure hydrogen and chemicals from renewable alcohols is achieved using an anion exchange membrane electrolysis cell (electrochemical reforming) employing a nanostructured Pd-CeO2/C anode. The catalyst exhibits high activity for alcohol electrooxidation (e.g. 474 mA cm?2 with EtOH at 60 °C) and the electrolysis cell produces high volumes of hydrogen (1.73 l min?1 m?2) at low electrical energy input (Ecost = 6 kWh kgH2?1 with formate as substrate). A complete analysis of the alcohol oxidation products from several alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1,2-propandiol, ethylene glycol, glycerol and 1,4-butanediol) shows high selectivity in the formation of valuable chemicals such as acetate from ethanol (100%) and lactate from 1,2-propandiol (84%). Importantly for industrial application, in batch experiments the Pd-CeO2/C catalyst achieves conversion efficiencies above 80% for both formate and methanol, and 95% for ethanol.

Hydrogen production from the electrooxidation of methanol and potassium formate in alkaline media on carbon supported Rh and Pd nanoparticles

Small organic molecules such as alcohols and formate salts can be readily transformed into hydrogen and carbon dioxide through electrochemical reforming at low energy cost. In this article methanol and potassium formate are studied for hydrogen production in alkaline anion exchange membrane electroreformers using two anode electrocatalysts, nanoparticle Pd and Rh supported on carbon (5 wt%). Firstly, we report a study of the electrochemical activity of both catalysts in electrochemical test cells at 80 °C. Formate oxidation kinetics are found to be fast on both catalysts. Rh/C shows the best performance for methanol electrooxidation with an onset potential 200 mV lower than Pd/C and a specific activity almost double reaching the value of 2600 A g?1Rh. The energy cost and conversion efficiency for hydrogen production was determined in complete electrochemical reforming cells at 80 °C using both anode catalysts. The energy costs are low for both substrates (?1H2) with Pd/C producing hydrogen from potassium formate at an energy cost of 5 KWh kg?1H2. Considering both the energy consumption and conversion efficiency (substrate to hydrogen), it is shown that the Rh/C catalyst performs best with methanol as substrate.