38156-99-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Reaction of Benzanthrone (7H-Benz[d,e]anthracen-7-one) with Nitrogen Dioxide Alone or in Admixture with Ozone. Implications for the Atmospheric Formation of Genotoxic 3-Nitrobenzanthrone
Enya, Takeji,Suzuki, Hitomi,Hisamatsu, Yoshiharu
, p. 2221 - 2228 (1998)
The reaction of benzanthrone (7H-benz[d,e]anthracen-7-one, 1) with nitrogen dioxide alone or in admixture with ozonized oxygen has been investigated in polar and nonpolar organic solvents at different temperatures. A remarkable change of product distribution was observed depending on the solvent employed; 3-nitrobenzanthrone (4) was the main product from the reaction in dichloromethane, while 2-nitrobenzanthrone was obtained as the major product in tetrachloromethane. Addition of protonic acid or inorganic solid support was found to promote the reaction, favoring the formation of the former nitro compound at the expense of the latter. All major products were identified. The variation of isomer distribution depending on the conditions employed has been discussed in terms of the competition between the homolytic and heterolytic mechanisms involved in the nitration of ketone 1. On the basis of the results obtained, the atmospheric formation of the genotoxic nitro ketone 4 has been briefly discussed.
3-Nitrobenzanthrone, a powerful bacterial mutagen and suspected human carcinogen found in diesel exhaust and airborne particulates
Enya, Takeji,Suzuki, Hitomi,Watanabe, Tetsushi,Hirayama, Teruhisa,Hisamatsu, Yoshiharu
, p. 2772 - 2776 (2007/10/03)
3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-nitro-7H-benz[d,e]anthracen-7-one) was isolated from the organic extracts of both diesel exhaust and airborne particles and was identified as a new class of powerful direct mutagen. Its mutagenicity by Ames Salmonella assay is very high (208 000 revertants/nmol in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and 6 290 000 revertants/nmol in YG1024) and compares with that of 1,8-dinitropyrene, which is the direct mutagen of strongest activity (257 000 revertants/nmol in TA98 and 4 780 000 revertants/nmol in YG1024) so far reported in the literature. The new mutagen was also shown to induce micronuclei in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes after intraperitoneal administration (micronucleated reticulocytes, 0.64% against 25 mg/kg dose after 48 h), suggesting its potential genotoxicity to mammalians. 3- Nitrobenzanthrone is most likely to be formed not only during the combustion process of fossil fuels but also from the atmospheric reaction between benzanthrone and lower oxides of nitrogen, since the latter ketone was found to be nitrated quite easily under an artificial atmosphere containing gaseous NO2 (10 ppm) and O3 (5 ppm) to produce the powerfully mutagenic 3-nitro derivative as the major product, along with several other isomeric mononitrobenzanthrones and dinitro descendants as minor products. 3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-nitro-7H-benz[d,e]anthracen-7-one) was isolated from the organic extracts of both diesel exhaust and airborne particles end was identified as a new class of powerful direct mutagen. Its mutagenicity by Ames Salmonella assay is very high (208 000 revertants/nmol in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and 6 290 000 revertants/nmol in YG1024) and compares with that of 1,8-dinitropyrene, which is the direct mutagen of strongest activity (257 000 revertants/nmol in TA98 and 4 780 000 revertants/nmol in YG1024) so far reported in the literature. The new mutagen was also shown to induce micronuclei in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes after intraperitoneal administration (micronucleated reticulocytes, 0.64% against 25 mg/kg dose after 48 h), suggesting its potential genotoxicity to mammalians. 3-Nitrobenzanthrone is most likely to be formed not only during the combustion process of fossil fuels but also from the atmospheric reaction between benzanthrone and lower oxides of nitrogen, since the letter ketone was found to be nitrated quite easily under an artificial atmosphere containing gaseous NO2 (10 ppm) and O3 (5 ppm) to produce the powerfully mutagenic 3-nitro derivative as the major product, along with several other isomeric mononitrobenzanthrones and dinitro descendants as minor products.
