38243-03-7 Usage
Description
Ginsenoside Rg3 is mainly derived from the dried roots of Araliaceae Panax ginseng C.A.?Mey. and Panax quinquefolius L.?Ginseng has a long history of medicinal uses, well known as “king of herbs.” Ginseng is listed as the top grade in “Shen Nong’s herbal class,” with “the main security set up the five internal organs, spirit, soul, stop fright, in addition to evil, eyesight, fun puzzle” account. The traditional Chinese medicine regards ginseng as the top grade of reinforcing Qi, with Dabu strength, spleen and lungs, Sheng Jin, Anshen Yizhi, etc.
Physical properties
Appearance: white powder. Density: 1.40. Melting point: 315–318°C. Solubility: 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 is soluble in methanol and ethanol; low water solubility; insoluble in ether and chloroform. Storage temperature: 2–8°C.The component classification belongs to three dammarane tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins.
History
Ginseng is currently one of the most studied traditional medicines. Chemical researches certificate that ginseng contains a variety of ginseng saponin, ginseng polysaccharide, protein, polypeptide, amino acids, and other chemical constituents. Ginseng saponins are the main active components, accounting for about 4%. Ginsenoside is a kind of sterol compound, which has a similar basic structure. Ginsenoside contains the steroid nucleus of 17 carbon atoms arranged in 4 rings. At present, more than 40 kinds of ginsenosides have been isolated from ginseng. They are divided into four types according to their chemical structure, the protopanaxadiol, the protopanaxatriol, the ocotillol, and the oleanolic acid.Ginsenoside Rg3 is a dammarane tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin found in natural ginseng, which belongs to the protopanaxadiol . It is also the natural ingredient with prominent activity extracted from red ginseng (processed ginseng). Modern
medicine has proved that Rg3 has certain biological activity. Since 1983, Rg3 has
been widely studied by many scholars in the world . The results showed that the
content of ginsenoside Rg3 in the fresh and dried ginseng roots was less than 1 ppm
while in red ginseng was 3/100,000. After several years of research, the method of
extracting 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 from red ginseng has been successfully improved,
and the industrialized production has been realized. A multicenter clinical study by
eight domestic hospitals indicated that 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 has therapeutic
effects on tumor. It has been issued the new drug certificate by the Chinese Food and
Drug Administration, as a new anticancer drug approved.
Uses
20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 causes an inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation that, in turn, results in modulations in Bcl-2 family proteins in such a way that the apoptosis of U87 cells are regulated. Elicits a significant inhibition of in vitro cell adhesion and invasion of U87 cells. in vitro stereoselective inhibition of ginsenosides toward UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms and in vivo inhibition of tumor angiogenesis of lung cancer.
Indications
This product is contained in “New drug standards” the 87th volume. Ginsenoside Rg3 capsule, ginsenoside Rg3 emulsion, and ginsenoside Rg3 microemulsion are mainly used in the clinical treatment or adjuvant therapy of lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, etc. In addition, they improve and prevent the common diseases in the elderly such as cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, limb weakness, difficulty walking, and loss of memory. Ginsenoside Rg3 also has a certain biological activity in antiviral, radiosensitization, and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Pharmacology
It is reported that the antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 were the most significant in more than 40 kinds of ginsenosides obtained. Moreover, they enhanced the immune function of tumor patients after chemotherapy, including humoral immunity, cell immunity, and non-specific immunity . This effect is consistent with the vitality nourishing and body strengthening of ginseng in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. There is more research on the effects of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3?in the two isomers of ginsenoside Rg3, which has certain inhibitory effects on tumor cells of lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, etc. There is less research on the effects of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3. Other studies have shown that ginsenoside Rg3 also has the effects of anti-fatigue , antiviral , and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Human tolerance test shows that ginsenoside Rg3 has a wide safety range. The
recommended dose of the first phase of clinical trial (0.8 mg/kg/day) has no side
effects. Ginsenoside Rg3 has good oral absorption. The drug absorption peak in the
blood is detected after administration for 15–30 min, and the blood concentration
reaches the peak after administration for 1.0–1.5 h. The half-life is 4.84±1.41 h. The maximum blood concentration increases with the dose within the reagent range
(0.8–3.2 mg/kd/day), suggesting the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rg3 the firstorder kinetics process.
Clinical Use
The basic research for many years and a large number of clinical data confirm that ginsenoside Rg3 effectively inhibits the growth of lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, and breast cancer, significantly improves the clinical symptoms of patients, improves the quality of life, and prevents and treats cancer. Ginsenoside Rg3 effectively improves the ability of anti-fatigue, antiaging, and resistance to disease. It also improves cardiovascular function, is resistant to platelet aggregation, protects nerve cells of brain, and improves immunity.Ginsenoside Rg3 is the active ingredient of Shenyi capsule which is a
kind of traditional Chinese anticancer medicine developed in China. It prevents the
metastasis and recurrence of cancer and has been an adjuvant treatment in multiple
tumors . Shenyi capsule improves the curative effects of primary lung cancer and
liver cancer, relieves the symptoms of Qi deficiency, as well as improves immunity,
when combined with chemotherapy. Further study on the antitumor mechanism of
ginsenoside Rg3 will be helpful to the clinical application of this drug.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 38243-03-7 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 3,8,2,4 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 38243-03:
(7*3)+(6*8)+(5*2)+(4*4)+(3*3)+(2*0)+(1*3)=107
107 % 10 = 7
So 38243-03-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
38243-03-7Relevant articles and documents
The preparation of ginsenoside Rg5, its antitumor activity against breast cancer cells and its targeting of PI3K
Liu, Yannan,Fan, Daidi
, (2020/02/11)
Ginsenosides have been reported to possess various pharmacological effects, including anticancer effects. Nevertheless, there are few reports about the antitumor activity and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg5 against breast cancer cells. In the present study, the major ginsenoside Rb1 was transformed into the rare ginsenoside Rg5 through enzymatic bioconversion and successive acid-assisted high temperature and pressure processing. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rg3, and Rg5 were investigated for their antitumor effects against five human cancer cell lines via the MTT assay. Among them, Rg5 exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against breast cancer. Moreover, Rg5 remarkably suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagic cell death. LC3B-GFP/Lysotracker and mRFP-EGFP-LC3B were utilized to show that Rg5 induced autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Western blot assays further illustrated that Rg5 decreased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and Bad and suppressed the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in breast cancer. Moreover, Rg5-induced apoptosis and autophagy could be dramatically strengthened by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Finally, a molecular docking study demonstrated that Rg5 could bind to the active pocket of PI3K. Collectively, our results revealed that Rg5 could be a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
Manufacturing method for mass-production of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3
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Paragraph 0029; 0031-0043, (2018/08/30)
The present invention relates to a method for selectively mass-producing 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 from ginsenoside Rd. The 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 rarely exists in white ginseng or red ginseng, and exists as an S-type isomer or an R-type isomer even though exiting in a small amount. Thus, an amount thereof refined as a single material is very low, and thus a use thereof is not easy. However, according to the present invention, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 is mass-produced by using only ginsenoside Rd which can be easily separated from leaves of ginsengs, and thus addition of ginsenoside which may be generated from Rc, Re, Rf, and the like can be relatively prevented compared to when extracts of ginsengs, red ginsengs, or the like are used. A relative production amount of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 is low. Thus, purification is easy, and mass-production is easy.(AA) Before steaming(BB) Example 1-1 (dry steaming, 120 anddeg;C, 2 hours, 0.13MPa)(CC) Example 1-2 (dry steaming, 120 anddeg;C, 4 hours, 0.13MPa)(DD) Example 1-3 (dry steaming, 120 anddeg;C, 6hours, 0.13MPa)COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018
Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rd into 20(S)-Rg3 by bacterium flavobacterium sp. BGS36
Ten,Chae,Yoo
, p. 181 - 183 (2014/06/09)
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